 | Term | Definition |
| |
French Revolution |
(1789-1791) The American Revolution quickly caused revolt and the revolution in France. The French Revolution was different than the American Revolution, it was more complex and radical. It caused the beginning of the modern politics. |
| |
Louis XVI |
King Louis wanted to raise taxes on land so the economy could be better. He got a group together of high class people to decide what they thought about this. They told him he had to talk to the Estates General, but Louis decided against this because he wanted to regain his power. Then in July, of 1788, he called the Estates General into session. This showed that Absolute Monarchy was ending. Then on June 3rd he called the three estates (estates general) to meet together, and sent troops to break them apart by force. Louis XVI then tried to restore his rule/power by “divine right”. He and family were taken prisoners (Summer Reading). Convicted of treason, and then executed. |
| |
Old Regime |
Created by the Monarchy in the Middle Ages, and then taken out by the French Revolution. The Old Regime was when the society had the 3 estates, 1-clergy 2-nobles 3-commoners/peasants, and the rest of the people. Allowed the “divine right” and was mainly found in absolute monarchy. |
| |
Bourgeoisie |
The educated, well-off, middle class. |
| |
Estates-General |
All of the classes (clergy, nobles, commoners) appointed people to be their representatives in the Estates General, though most of the representatives were of the higher classes, and none were from the working and peasant class. The majority agreed the royal absolutism should end and that constitutional monarchy should take its place. The Estates General would pass the laws and the taxes. They also decided that everyone should have general rights and liberties, also that to help the economic development general reforms should be able to take place. |
| |
Tennis Court Oath |
The third estate, called the “National Assembly”, was forced to go to tennis courts when they could not meet in their hall because of “repairs”. In this Oath they stated that they would, until they had gotten a new and better constitution, stick together. This happened on June 20th. |
| |
Storming of the Bastille |
July 14th, 1789. There had been a rumor that the king had been planning a military coup against the national Assembly. The people decided to defend their city and marched to the Bastille prison for gunpowder. The governor of the prison refused them, so they fought until the prison surrendered. This saved the National Assembly. Is now called the “Bastille Day” and is France’s Independence Day. |
| |
Night session of August 4th |
Before the night was over the people had: abolished the feudal regime in France, made all Frenchman, in principle, subject to the same laws and the same taxes eligible for the same offices, and Equality and Meritocracy. All of this was done by the 3rd estate/ class. But… Feudal dues were not renounced outright (strong threat to principle of right of property), and the peasants would have to compensate their land lords through a series of direct payments for obligations from which they had supposedly been freed. Therefore, the national Assembly had made revolutionary gestures/tries, but remained essentially moderate. |
| |
National Assembly |
The 3rd estate was tired of the clergy and nobles having all the power, and representation. They also wanted to be able to be in a group with the clergy and nobles and have meetings together. They proclaimed themselves the “representation of the nation”, the National Assembly. |
| |
Declaration of the Rights of Man & Citizen |
August 27, 1789. Liberty, Property, Resistance to Oppression. |
| |
Women’s March on Versailles |
October 5th. 7 thousand women, with sticks and pikes, marched to Versailles from Paris demanding lower prices on bread. The women got into the royal apartments and killed guards in their way, they were looking for Marie Antoinette. The National Guard, Lafayette and the promise that the royal family would be taken to and kept in Paris stopped the mob of women. This started a period where the women were a part of the revolution and began to have more rights. |
| |
Civil Constitution of the Clergy |
Created by the National Assembly who did not like “superstitious religion”. Created a national church and had the priests chosen by the voters. It also required clergy to take a loyalty oath to the government. |
| |
Burke |
(1729-1797). He was a conservative who did not like the idea of reform. In 1790 he published Reflections on the Revolution in France, which was about defending privileges that you inherit, approving the parliament, and stating that the reform that was happening in France, and any other reform, would just lead to chaos and tyranny. |
| |
Wollstonecraft |
She was a feminist, middle class, 1759-1797. She was a governess and a teacher. She became a translator and an author later on. Wrote A Vindication of the Rights of Man in 1790, as an attack/counter towards the book released by Burke. Then in 1792 she wrote A Vindication of the Rights of Women. This talked about natural-law philosophy. She wanted the women’s rights to be respected and that they should be educated with men so that they could become better people and economically independent people. |
Share on Facebook
Share on MySpace