 | Term | Definition |
| |
aerobic respiration |
requires oxygen, glycolysis followed by the krebs cycle and ETC, generates up to 38 ATPs |
| |
anaerobic respiration |
no oxygen required, glycolysis followed by fermentation, generates 2 ATPs |
| |
fermentation |
breakdown of pyruvic acid into lactic acid and regeneration of NAD+ that happens when there is no oxygen |
| |
ATP |
molecule that stores energy for cellular work |
| |
ADP |
ATP minus one phosphate molecule |
| |
electron transport chain |
group of proteins in mitochondria that extract energy from electrons |
| |
enzyme |
protein that speeds up a chemical reaction |
| |
glycolysis |
breakdown of glucose, generates 2 ATPs |
| |
calorie |
amount of energy it takes to raise the temperature of 1 g water 1 degree C |
| |
mitochondria |
organelles that break down sugars and use the energy to make ATP |
| |
photosynthesis |
process autotrophs use to make sugars using energy of the sun |
| |
chlorophyll |
pigment molecule in chloroplast that captures energy of sunlight |
| |
chloroplast |
organelle in plant cells that converts the energy in sunlight into sugars |
| |
thylakoid |
site of light reactions of photosynthesis inside chloroplasts |
| |
stroma |
area inside the chloroplast |
| |
autotroph |
organism that makes its own carbohydrates without eating (producer) |
| |
heterotroph |
organism that must eat to obtain carbohydrates (consumer) |
| |
Krebs Cycle |
process where pyruvic acid is broken down to release stored energy |
| |
Light-Dependent Reactions |
use energy from the sun to produce Oxygen, ATP and NADPH |
| |
Calvin Cycle (Light-Independent Reactions) |
use ATP and NADPH from the light reactions to make high energy sugars |
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