 | Term | Definition |
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What is thermal energy? |
the sum of the kinetic and potential energy of the particles in a material |
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What is heat? |
the movement of thermal energy from a substance at a higher temperature to a substance at a lower temperature |
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What is energy? |
the ability to cause change |
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What is matter? |
anything that takes up space and has mass |
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What is density? |
a physical property of matter that can be found by dividing the matter's mass by its volume (mass/volume) |
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What is a state of matter? |
a physical property that describes a substance as a solid, a liquid, or a gas (solid, liquid, gas) |
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What is the freezing point? |
the change of matter from a liquid state to a solid state |
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What is evaporation? |
it is the vaporization that occurs at the surface of a liquid; molecules must be at or near the surface and at the right speed |
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What is vaporization? |
the change of matter from a liquid state to a gas |
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What is condensation? |
the change of matter from a gas to a liquid state |
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What is the melting point? |
the change of matter from a solid state to a liquid state |
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What is the boiling point? |
the vaporization that occurs below the liquid's surface |
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What is pressure? |
the amount of force applied per unit area on an object's surface (SI unit is a Pascal) |
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What is buoyant force? |
the upward force exerted on an object immersed in a fluid |
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What does Archimedes' Principle state? |
the buoyant force on an object is equal to the weigth of the fluid displaced by the object |
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What does Pascal's Principle state? |
when a force is applied to a confined fluid, an increase in pressure is transmitted equally to all parts of the fluid |
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What is a gas? |
matter that does not have a definite shape or volume; it has particles that move at high speeds in all directions |
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What is a solid? |
matter with a definite shape and volume; it has tightly packed particles that move mainly by vibrating |
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What is a liquid? |
matter with a definite volume but no definite shape that can flow from one place to another |
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How do the particles in a gas move? |
at high speeds and in all directions |
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How do the particles in a solid move? |
mostly by vibrating |
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What is kinetic energy? |
energy that an object has due to its motion |
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What is an amorphous solid? |
they have a random arrangement of particles |
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What is specific heat? |
the amount of temperature needed to raise the temperature of 1 kilogram of a substance to 10 degrees celcius |
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Why does matter have either a high specific heat or a low specific heat? |
it either releases or absorbs energy |
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What is an example of high specific heat? |
heating up water slowly |
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What is an example of a low specific heat? |
sand |
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What happens when matter changes its state? |
the arrangement and movement of the particles changes |
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What are the particles in a solid like? |
they are packed tightly together |
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What are the particles in a liquid like? |
they flow freely from one place to another |
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What are the particles in a gas like? |
they move at high speeds and in all directions |
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What occurs when you breathe in? |
energy is absorbed |
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What occurs when you breathe out? |
energy is released |
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What are 2 types of vaporization? |
boiling and evaporation |
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Explain vaporization during boiling. |
vaporization that occurs below the liquid's surface at the boiling point |
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Explain vaporization during evaporization. |
vaporization that occurs at the surface of the liquid - the molecule are at or near the surface and at the right speed to evaporate |
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How does density affect whether or not an object floats? |
if the object is the same density or less dense, it will float |
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What is the relationship between density and whether or not an object sinks? |
if the object is more dense, it will sink |
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What determines the state of matter? |
the arrangement and movement of the particles in matter (atoms and molecules_ |
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How does temperature relate to the movement of particles? |
the higher the temperature, the faster they move and the lower the temperature, the slower they move |
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How does an object gain thermal energy? |
by heating it - the hotter an object, the more thermal energy it has |
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What is the formula for pressure? |
P = F/A (measured in Pascals) (it equals the force exerted on a surface divided by the total area over which the force is exerted) |
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What is the formula for density? |
D = M/V |
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What are some ways pressure can be increased? |
increase the force or decrease the area |
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What are some ways to increase pressure of a confined gas? |
increase temperature or decrease volume |
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What does C represent or stand for? |
repeating |
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What does A represent or stand for? |
random |
