 | Term | Definition |
| |
Aristotelian World View |
Motionless earth was fixed at center of universe, God was beyond. |
| |
Francis Bacon |
(1561-1626)English politician, writer. Formalized the empirical method. Novum Organum. Inductive reasoning. |
| |
Tycho Brahe |
(1546-1601) Established himself as Europe's foremost astronomer of his day; detailed observations of new star of 1572. |
| |
Robert Boyle |
(1627-1691) Physicist, nothing can be known beyond all doubt. |
| |
Andrew Celsius |
Invented measurement of temperature - Celsius. |
| |
Nicolaus Copernicus |
(1473-1543) Polish clergyman. Sun was the center of the universe; the planets went around it. On the Revolution of Heavenly Spheres. Destroyed Aristotle's view of the universe - heliocentric theory. |
| |
Heliocentric Theory |
Sun is the center of the universe. Coperican |
| |
Geocentric Theory |
Earth is the center of the universe. Aristotelian. |
| |
Descartes |
(1596-1650) French philosopher, discovered analytical geometry. Saw Algebra and Geometry have a direct relationship. Reduced everything to spiritual or physical. |
| |
Deductive Reasoning |
Descartes, doubt everything and use deductive reasoning. Reasoning based on facts. Combined with empiricism to create scientific method. |
| |
Inductive Reasoning |
Baconian empiricism. Based speculations on other situations. |
| |
Discourse on Methods |
Descartes (1677) espoused deductive reasoning. |
| |
Empiricism |
Bacon's theory of inductive reasoning. |
| |
Gabriel Fahrenheit |
Developed measurement of temperature with freezing at 32 degrees. |
| |
Galileo Galilei |
Created modern experimental method. Formulated the law of inertia. Tried for heresy and forced to recant. Saw Jupiter’s moons. Wrote Dialogue on the Two Chief Systems of the World |
| |
Gresham College |
Located in England. Leading place for the advancement of science. First time scientists had a honored roll in society; center of scientific activity. |
| |
William Harvey |
Englishman who announced blood circulates throughout the body. |
| |
Carl Linnaeus |
System Nature- developed methods to classify and name plants and animals. |
| |
Natural Law |
Universal law that could be understood by applying reason; letting people govern themselves. |
| |
Isaac Newton |
English scientist. 3 Laws of motion. Mathematics Principal of Natural Philosophy (1687). |
| |
Ptolemy’s System |
Last great ancient astronomer; there was a place for God. Complicated rules used to explain minor irregularities in the movement of the planets. |
| |
The Royal Society of London |
Established by Charles II in 1662; purpose to help the sciences. |
| |
Discourses on the Origins of Inequalities |
Rousseau, discuss the innocence of man and his corruption by society. |
| |
Voltaire |
French, perhaps greatest Enlightenment thinker. Deist. Mixed glorification and reason with an appeal for better individuals and institutions. Wrote Candide. Believed enlightened despot best form of government. |
| |
Deism |
God built the Universe and let it run. Clockmaker theory. |
| |
Enlightened despot |
Enlightened ruler. Catherine the Great, Frederick the Great. |
| |
Humanitarianism |
Promoting human welfare and social reform. |
| |
Second Treatise of Government |
Written by Locke, Government created to protect life, liberty, and property. |
| |
Essay Concerning Human Understanding |
Written by Locke, tabula rasa theory. |
| |
Rococo |
Art style that focuses on pastels, ornate interiors, and sentmental portraits. |
| |
The Spirit of Laws |
Montesquieu, about separation of powers. |
| |
The Social Contract |
Rousseau, suggestions in reforming the political system and modeled after the Greek polis. |
| |
Candide |
Voltaire, satirizing society and organized religion in Europe. |
| |
Montesquieu |
French philosophe. Wrote The Spirit of Laws. Said "Power checks power". Separation of powers. Form of government varies according to climate. |
| Add or remove terms from this set |
