 | Term | Definition |
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Donald Johanson |
discoverer of australopithecines |
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Mesoamericans |
inhabitants of present-day Mexico and Central America |
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priests |
supervised rituals and aimed at pleasing the gods |
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Sumerians |
creaters of the first Meospotamian civilization |
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Akkadians |
"Semitic people" north of the Sumerian city-states |
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Sargon |
leader of Akkadians overran Sumerian city-states and set up the first empire in world history |
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Hammurabi |
created new Mesopotamian Kingdom, and made the Code of Hammurabi |
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Menes |
the king united the villages of upper and lower egypt into a single kingdom and created the first Egyptian royal dynasty |
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Hyksos |
western-asians that invaded Egypt and fought with horse-drawn war chariots |
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Hatshepsut |
the first woman to become pharoah |
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Akhenaton |
introduced Aton, god of the sun disk, as the sole god |
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Tutankhamen |
Akhenaton's son who restored the old gods |
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Ramses II |
under him Egyptians gained control of Palestine, but could not reestablish their borders |
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Cleopatra VII |
tried to reestablish Egypt's independence with involvement with Rome |
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Indo-Europeans |
people who used a language derived from a single parent tounge |
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Hittites |
first peoples to make and use iron and threatened power of the Egyptians, lived in Asia minor |
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Phoenicians |
lived in the area of Palestine, great shipbuilders, known for their 22 character alphabet |
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Israelites |
Semitic-speaking people who leaved in commonday Isreal |
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King Solomon |
ruled iraelites and known for his widom, and built the temple in Jerusalem |
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Isaiah |
Jewish prophet who visioned the end of all wars and peace for all nations of the world |
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Assyrians |
Semitic-speaking people who exploited hte use of iron weapons to establish and empire |
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Nebuchadnezzar |
Chaldean king who made Babylonia their empire and leading state in western Asia |
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Persians |
Indo-European who lived in now what is called Iran, one of the largest empires of the world |
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Cyrus |
unified nomadic groups into the powerful Persian state that stretched from asia Minor to western India |
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Darius |
added a new Persian empire in western India that extended to the Indus River |
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Immortals |
infantry force whose numbers were never below 10,000 |
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Zoroaster |
came up with Zoarasterism wrote down in Zend Avesta |
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Minoans |
earliest greek civilization, settled on Crete, known for shipbuilding, capital Knossos, discovered by Arthur Evans |
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Myscenaeans |
discovered by Heinrich Scliemann, inland greeks, conquered Minoans, alliance of kings |
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Homer |
epic poem writer, wrote Illiad and Odyssey |
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Aristotle |
argued that one should be loyal and patriotic to their state |
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Solon |
Athenian reforminded aristocrat, freed all people who became slaves due to debts |
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Cleisthenes |
created the foundations for Athenian democracy |
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Darius |
first Persian ruler to attack and seek revenge on Greece |
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Xerxes |
vowed revenge and invaded Greece, was stopped at Platea |
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Pericles |
dominant figure in Athenian politcs and made a direct democracy and set up an ostracism |
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Aeschylus |
Wrote only complete tradgedy we possess today, Oresteia |
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Sophocles |
Wrote the famous play Oedipus Rex |
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Pythagoras |
Pythagorean theorem, taught that the universe was made of music and numbers |
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Socrates |
"The unexamined life is not worth living." question and answer format of learning |
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Plato |
greatest philosopher of Western civilization. Believed a higher eternal world existed |
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Aristotle |
Believed in examining the thing itself not their essence, believed there was no eternal world |
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Theucydides |
greatest historian of the ancient world, wrote History of the Peloponnesian War |
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Philip II |
king of Macedonia and turned Macedonia into the cheif power of the greek world |
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Alexander the Great |
Became macedonia's king at age 20, concquered Greece and the Persian Empire |
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Eratosthenes |
determined the Earth was round and calculated its circumference |
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Euclid |
wrote The Elements, a textbook on plane Geometry |
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Archimedes |
worked on geometry of spheres and cylinders, and established the value of pi. Practical inventor |
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Latins |
people who lived in the region of Latium |
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Etuscans |
People living in Etruria, development of Rome was influenced by these people |
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Livy |
provided a number of short stories to teach Romans the virtues that had made Rome great |
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Hannibal |
the greatest of the Carthaginian generals, led army through the mountain pass, many died and were defeated by the Romans |
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Crassus |
richest man in rome, and was part of the first Triumverate |
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Pompey |
Successful commander in Spain and military hero, part of the first Triumverate |
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Julius Caesar |
successful commander in Spain and military hero, became the dicator from the first Triumverate |
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Octavian |
part of the second Triumverate, and took the west side of Rome |
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Antony |
Caesars's ally and assistant, took the east side of Rome, part of second Triumverate |
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Augustus |
"the revered one" same as Octavian |
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Nero |
Killed innocent people and started the presecution of Christians |
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Virgil |
most distinguished poet of the Augustan Age - Aeneid |
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Horace |
prominent augustan poet, wrote satires |
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Livy |
wrote the most famous Lani prose work- the History of Rome |
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Spartacus |
gladiator, led a sucessful slave revolt in Italy |
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Jesus |
son of god, jewish prophet and preached throughout Judea, sacrificed himself to forgive all sins |
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Simon Peter |
a Jewish fisherman and follow of Jesus, leader of the apostles |
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Paul of Tarsus |
hichly educated Jewish Roman citizen and founded Christian commmunities throughout Asia Minor |
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Constantine |
became the first Christian emperor, issued Edict of Milan, and founded Constantinople |
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Theodosius the Great |
under him Romans adopted Christianity as their official religion |
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Diocletian |
divided Rome into 4 units and each with its own ruler |
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Constantine |
like Diocletian, strengthened and enlarged administrative bureaucracies, enlarged army and public service |
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Huns |
came from Asia and moved into Europe and put pressure on the Visigoths |
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Visigoths |
moved south and west and reolted against the Romans |
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Vandals |
poured into southern Spain and Africa, and sacked Rome for the second time |
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Romulus Augustulus |
western emperor, deposed by the Germanic head of the army |
