 | Term | Definition |
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The ability to diffuse across a membrane... |
Depends on the size/type of the molecule and of the chemical nature of the membrane. |
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Passive Transport |
The movement of substances across the cell membrane. |
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Diffusion |
The movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. |
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Concentration Gradient |
The difference in the concentration of molecules across a space. |
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What is diffusion driven by |
Kinetic Energy and the Molecules Posses |
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In the absence of other influences diffusion will eventually cause... |
the concentration of molecules to be the same throughout the space they occupy. |
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Equilibrium |
The concentration of molecules are the same throughout the space they occupy. |
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A solution is composed of... |
a solute and a solvent. |
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Osmosis |
The process in which water molecules move through an area of higher concentration to lower concentration. |
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Water moves... |
Down its concentration gradient. |
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Osmosis does not require |
Cells to expend energy. |
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The net direction of osmosis depends on... |
The relative concentration of solutes on two sides of the membrane. |
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The net movement of water into the cell |
Hypotonic |
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Hypertonic |
Solution outside of the cell has more solute than the solution inside |
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Hypotonic |
Solution outside the cell has less solute than the solution inside of the cell |
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Isotonic |
Concentration of the solution is equal inside and outside the cell |
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Three types of Passive Transport |
Diffusion, Osmosis, and Facilitated Diffusion |
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Facilitated Diffusion |
Uses carrier proteins to move molecules that cannot fit through the lipid bilaryer into/out of the cell. |
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First step of Fac. Diffusion |
1. Carrier protiens bond to the molecule. |
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Second step of Fac. Diffusion |
2. Carrier protein changes shape. |
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Third step of Fac. Diffusion |
3. Molecule is moved across the membrane. |
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No energy is need in... |
Facilitated Diffusion. |
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Facilitated Diffusion works in what directions |
Both directions |
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Each carrier protein transports... |
A specific molecule. |
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Ion Channel |
Protiens in which ions diffuse |
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Ion Channels can either be... |
Open or Gated |
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Gated Protiens are gated because of |
Electrical Signs, Stretching of the Membrane, or Enviormental Factors. |
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Cytolysis |
The bursting of cells |
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Carrier Protiens |
Specific protiens in the membrane that are used for active transport. |
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Contractile Vacuoles |
Organelles that remove water. |
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Which organish has a contractile vacuole |
The paramecia |
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Turger Pressure |
The pressure water molecules exert against the cell wall. |
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Plasmolysis |
When cells shrink a way from the cell wall and turgor pressure is lost |
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An example of facilitated diffusion |
Glucose |
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Active Transport |
Cells that must move materials up thier concentration gradient from an area of low concentration to high concentration. |
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In active transport... |
Energy is need |
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Active Transport is... |
Against concentration gradient from low to high concentration. |
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An example of Active Transport |
Sodium Potassium Pump |
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Sodium Potassium Pump moves... |
three Na+ out of the cell and moves two K+ into the cell. |
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Endocytosis |
The process by which cells engulf external fluids or macromolecules and bring them into the cell in a vesicle. |
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Two types of Endocytosis |
Pinocytosis and Phagoctosis |
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Pinocytosis includes ... |
fluids and solutes |
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Phagocytosis includes... |
solids |
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Endo and exocytosis are used to transport what |
Large quantities of small molecules into or out of cells at a single time. |
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What is a vesicle |
A pounch that pinches off the cell membrane and becomes a membrane bound organelle. |
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Phagocytes |
Cells that allow the lyosomes to fuse with the vesicles that contain the ingested bacteria and viruses. |
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What is a vesicle |
A pounch that pinches off the cell membrane and becomes a membrane bound organelle. |
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Phagocytes |
Cells that allow the lyosomes to fuse with the vesicles that contain the ingested bacteria and viruses. |
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What is a vesicle |
A pounch that pinches off the cell membrane and becomes a membrane bound organelle. |
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Phagocytes |
Cells that allow the lyosomes to fuse with the vesicles that contain the ingested bacteria and viruses. |
