 | Term | Definition |
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Fertile Crescent |
Arc of land from persian gulf to eastern medd. coast |
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Mesopotamia |
"land between 2 rivers" mesos-,odd;e potam(os)- pertaining to rivers. A civilaization in the fertile cresantt |
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Babylon |
Most beautiful city in ancient near east. Walls were formed for empire. Hanging gardens were there, . became political, economic cultural center of near east, stretched for persian gulf to medd |
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Sardis |
Capital of the ancient civilization of Lydia |
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Susa |
A city in Iran |
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Tyre |
A phonecian city |
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Sidon |
Large city in lebonon |
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Byblos |
Greek for the pononecian city gebal |
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Beirut |
City in Lebanon |
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Carthage |
Ancient city in Tunisia |
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Canaan |
(Palestine) the promise land |
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Jerusalem |
Holy city of Israel |
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Ziggurat |
"Mountan of God" A high terraced pyramid which the top was flat. It was a temple dedicated to their cheif God. |
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Autonomous |
Mean self governing, independant. |
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Patesi |
Ruler (king served as) |
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"Land of no return" |
Under world in the summerian religion. Had no light or air dead exisisted as pale shadows |
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Pantheon |
God of a people. God of heaven- Anuruler of all gods, lowest of all demons, wicked Udugs. Part of summerian religion |
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Cuneiform |
latin-Cuneus meaning wedge (a wedge-shaped stylus used on wet clay tablets-baked in ovens dried in sun |
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Eddubas |
Summerian tribes trained here. It means tablet house. Served in business, government, and Religion. |
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Tribute |
Payment made in reconition of domination |
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Civil Law |
Deals with privite rights and matters such as buisness contracts, property inheritance,taxes, marriage, and devorce |
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Criminal Law |
Deals with offenses against others such as robbery, assult, and murder |
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Lex Talionis |
The law of lrevenge(and eye for and eye) |
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Haging gardens |
Palace garden-built for a queen reminded her of mountan birth place |
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Satrap |
Noble or member of royal falmily |
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"Eyes and ears of the King" |
Government officials traveled throughtout empire to check on satraps |
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Zoroastrianism |
established by Zoraster. Had 2 forces AHura Mazda and AHrimon. an ethical Religion |
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Murez |
Shellfish-Sea snail yeilded purple,red dye, tyrian purple. |
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Polaris |
North Star |
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Decalogue |
The ten Commandments (a set of rulers) |
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Charisma |
A special blessing from God |
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Ark of the Covenant |
Portable shrine dedicated to Yahweh. Built under directions of Moses. Carried by hebrews during the years of wanderintg through Sanai. Isreal was its home |
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Messiah |
God- Appointed leader to save isreal from political bondage. |
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Torah |
Law perserved teachings and writings |
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Pentateuch |
First 5 books of the old testamant |
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Anu |
The ruler of all Gods |
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Wicked Udugs |
Lowest of all demons |
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Gilgamesh |
God like man performing heroic deeds (epic of Gligamest:longest novel in world) |
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Sargon |
Ruler invaded and conquuered sumerian city-states. First ruler to unite region of Mesopotamia. Controlled aria from persian gulf to syria and lebanon to medd. sea. Retained some independance and cultural traditions. Extended flood control and irrigation systems in mesopotamia. Used armies to protect trade carabans through fertile cresant. |
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Hammurabi |
6th king of amorities. United most cities of mesopotamia under his control. He was effective, worked to organize stron central gov. Developed economic prosperity cfor people and maintained roads and canals(info-structure) improved trade |
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Hittites |
Settled in highlands of Anatolia-Harch climate. 1stppl to extract iron from ore(wrought iron) had milatrary value armed more soliers less sxpense. |
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Assyrians |
"Spartans of the near east." ONe of the most warlike ppl in history. Army- very powerful. fully equiped with iron. used charriots, calvary. war machines, controlled ppl through systematic terrorism. To destroy national feeling used mass deporttion. Culture-not original. Borrowedheavily from others and unified deverse elements.Had originality in ther relief structure. Women of palace set to secluded quarters. in public-veiled. Synonym to brutality. they publicized it other countries didnt. |
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King Nebuchadnezzar |
Rivived power of Babylon built empire (stretched from persian Gulf to Medd. Sea) |
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Cyrus the Great (II) |
Capable general-excellent leader-Courted goodwill of conquered ppl. Spared lives of Conquered ppl. |
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Darius I |
He needed support of milatary. He recieve support of Elite 10000 manunit immortals. Made 20 administrative districts. (satrapies) Provicial governor. Satrap-Noble or member of royal family. Coleected taxes, administered justice, and provieded men for army. |
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Ahura Mazda |
Force of goodness, truth, light (syn. fire purification, truth) |
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Ahriman |
Force of evil, decict, and darkness |
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Ba'als |
Any god or human official |
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Hebrews |
Isrealites |
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Yahweh |
God |
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King David |
United tribes of isreal. A model for all rulers of Isrealites. |
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Solomon |
Son of David. Kingdom of ISreal hit Denuth(high point) Built temple dedicated to Yahweh in Jerusalem. Administrative- Divided kingom into 12 districkts which were headed by govenors. requeired to provide court at jerusalem with food for 1 month each year. Established trade alliances with egypt and phonecians built strategically located fortresses, built fleet to sail in red sea. Upon his death 12 tribes split into 2 kingdoms- split caused by oppresive tazes conscripted labor and loss of tribal independance |
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Tigris and Euphrates |
Which two rivers flow through the land between two rivers |
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Fines |
In Summerian law, what was the most frequent punishment for violating laws? |
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Unpredicatble, selfish, little regard for humans |
What were the characteristics of SUmerian Deities |
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Phnecians |
When society in ancient Near East was the first to develop and alphabet |
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The arch |
What architechual feature was debveloped by the sumerians to make buildings sturdier? |
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That state must inforce law |
What was the most important concept contained in the Code of Hammuabi |
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They prroduced wrought iron so they could arm more soldiers for less expense |
What was the military value of iron |
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in their relief structure which dealt with assyrian ideals of masculinity, disipline and rutality |
In what artistic area did the assyrians show some originality? |
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Astronomy. forcasts eclipses, lunar-identified sign of zodiac- used calendar-28 days-lunar- determined tilt on earths axis. concept of equinox |
What was the greatest contributiion to civilization by the babylonians |
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INhanced unity-promote trade, rapid movement of troops, royal road 1680 miles |
What was the value of the good network of roads that were built by the persians |
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Due to emphasis on final judgment , satan, spiritual immortality |
Why is Zoroastrianism called and "ethical religion" |
