| Term | Definition |
|
pangea |
super continent, all continents joined as one |
|
lithosphere |
made up of the crust and top layer of the mantle |
|
asthenosphere |
layer of hot, soft rock in the upper mantle |
|
mid-ocean ridges |
underwater mountain ranges in every ocean |
|
tectonic plates |
earth's surface is made up of moving plates driven by motions in the mantle and asthenosphere |
|
continental drift |
continents move or drift apart |
|
plates |
move around the special layer of the mantle |
|
convention currnets |
circular motion when hot material rises, cools, and sinks |
|
rift valleys |
gaps cut mid-ocean ridges |
|
magnetic reversal |
a switch in the direction of earth's magnetic poles |
|
subduction |
when one tectonic plates sinks beneath another |
|
hot spots |
heated rock that rises in plumes or think columns in the mantle |
|
himalays |
formed when india-austrailia plate colided with the eurasion plate |
|
innercore |
a ball of hot solid liquid metals |
|
outercore |
a layer of hot, liquid metals surrounding the innercore |
|
mantle |
earth's thickest layer |
|
crust |
thin layer of rock that surrounds the earth |