Set: AP Bio Chapter 7 Vocab

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All 35 Terms

Term Definition
selective permeability the plasma membrane exhibits ________ ________; it allows some substances to cross it more easily than others
amphipathic molecule a phospholipid is an ________ _________; it has both a hydrophilic and a hydrophobic region
fluid mosaic model the membrane is a fluid structure with a "mosaic of various proteins embedded in or attached to a double layer (bilayer) of phospholipids (what kind of model is this?)
freeze fracture a method of preparing cells for electron microscopy is called _____ ______, which splits a membrane along the middle of the phospholipid bilayer
temperature buffer cholesterol is a _______ _________ for the membrane; it resists changes in membrane fluidity that can be caused by changes in temperature
integral proteins ______ _______ penetrate the hydrophobic core of the lipid bilayer. their hydrophobic regions consist of one or more stretches of nonpolar amino acids, usually alpha helices.
peripheral proteins _______ ________ aren't embedded in the lipid bilayer; they are appendages loosely bound to the surface of the membrane, often to exposed parts of integral proteins
cell-to-cell recognition _____-__-____ ________ is a cell's ability to distinguish one type of neieghboring cell from another
glycolipids carbohydrates covalently bonded to lipids
glycoproteins carbohydrates covalently bonded to proteins
transport protein some hydrophilic substances can avoid the lipid bilayer by passing through this
carrier proteins some transport proteins, called _____ ____, function by having a hydrophilic channel that certain molecules or atomic ions can use as a tunnel through the membrane
aquaporins the passage of water molecules through the membrane in certain cells is greatly facilitated by channel proteins called ___________
diffusion _______ is the tendency for molecules of any substance to spread out evenly into the available space
passive transport the diffuison of a substance across a biological membrane is called _______ _________ because the cell doesn't have to expend energy to make it happen
osmosis the diffusion of water across a selective permeable membrane is called _________
tonicity ________ is the ability of a solution to cause a cell to gain or lose water
isotonic if a cell without a wall is immersed in an environment that is ______ to the cell, there will be no net movement of water across the plasma membrane (water flows at the same rate in both directions)
hypotonic when a cell is in a solution that is ______ to the cell, water will enter the cell faster than it leaves, and will cause the cell to swell and burst
hypertonic if a cell is in a solution that is _______ to the cell, the cell will lose water to its environment, shrivel, and probably die
osmoregulation _______ is the control of water balance
turgid _____ is a healthy state for most plant cells, where the cell wall exerts pressure to stop further intake of water
flaccid if a plant's cells and their surroundings are isotonic, there is no net tendency for water to enter, and the cells become _______
plasmolysis when a cell is in a hypertonic environment, the cell will lose water to its surroundings, shrink, and its plasma membrane will pull away from the wall
facilitated diffusion many polar molecules and ions impeded by the lipid bilayer of a membrane diffuse passively with the help of transport proteins that span the membrane
ion channels; gated channels ____ ________ allow certaion ions to pass and they can function as _______ _____, where a stimulus causes them to open or close
active transport to pump a molecule across a membrane agaist its gradient requires work; the cell must expend energy
sodium-potassium pump a ______-_______ _____ exchanges sodium (Na+) for potassium (K+) across the plasma membrane of animal cells
voltages all cells have _______ across their plasma membranes
membrane potential the _______ ________ is an energy source that affects the traffic of all charged substances across the membrane
electrogenic pump a transport protein that generates voltage across a membrane is called a _______ ________
protein pump the main electrogenic pump in plants, fungi and bacteria is a _______ _________, which actively transports hydrogen ions out of the cell
contrasport a single ATP-powered pump that transports a specific solute can indirectly drive the active transport of several other solutes in a mechanism called _________
endocytosis the cell takes in macromolecules and particulate matter by forming new vesicles from the plasma membrane
exocytosis the cell secretes macromolecules by the fusion of vesicles with the plasma membrane
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Terms 35
Creator Nikki
Created January 15, 2007
Group AP Biology - Peterson & Pfeifer
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Most Missed Words

  1. electrogenic pump → a transport protein that generates voltage across a membrane is called a _______ ________ - 7 misses
  2. contrasport → a single ATP-powered pump that transports a specific solute can indirectly drive the active transport of several other solutes in a mechanism called _________ - 7 misses
  3. integral proteins → ______ _______ penetrate the hydrophobic core of the lipid bilayer. their hydrophobic regions consist of one or more stretches of nonpolar amino acids, usually alpha helices. - 6 misses
  4. peripheral proteins → _______ ________ aren't embedded in the lipid bilayer; they are appendages loosely bound to the surface of the membrane, often to exposed parts of integral proteins - 5 misses
  5. facilitated diffusion → many polar molecules and ions impeded by the lipid bilayer of a membrane diffuse passively with the help of transport proteins that span the membrane - 5 misses
  6. membrane potential → the _______ ________ is an energy source that affects the traffic of all charged substances across the membrane - 5 misses
  7. transport protein → some hydrophilic substances can avoid the lipid bilayer by passing through this - 4 misses