 | Term | Definition |
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What does blood enter when it leaves the heart to go to all parts of the body? |
the aorta |
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Where does blood pass through when it goes from the right atrium to the right ventricle? |
the right A-V valve |
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Where does blood leave from when traveling from the heart to the lungs? |
the right ventricle |
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Where does blood enter through when entering the heart from the lower part of the body? |
the inferior vena cava |
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What is the blood in the right ventricle considered - oxygenated or deoxygenated? |
deoxygenated |
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What is the blood in the pulmonary veins considered - oxygenated or deoxygenated? |
oxygenated |
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What is the blood in the pulmonary arteries considered - oxygenated or deoxygenated? |
deoxygenated |
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What is the blood in the superior vena cava considered - oxygenated or deoxygenated? |
deoxygenated |
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What is the valve through which blood leaves the left ventricle? |
the aortic semilunar valve |
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Where does blood traveling from the heart to the lungs go through? |
the pulmonary arteries |
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Where does blood traveling from the lungs to the heart go through? |
the pulmonary veins |
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What is the name of the body system the heart is in? |
the cardiovascular system |
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What does cardio mean? |
heart |
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What does vascular meant? |
vessel |
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What is the cardiovascular system considered? |
the body's transportation system |
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Where does the blood pick-up O2 (oxygen)? |
the lungs |
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When the oxygen has been picked-up from the lungs, where is the oxygen delivered? |
the cells |
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Where does the blood pick-up nutrients from? |
the small intestine |
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When nutrients are picked-up from the small intestine, where are the nutrients delivered? |
the cells |
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Where is waste picked-up from? |
the cells |
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When waste is picked-up, where is CO2 (carbon dioxide) delivered? |
the lungs |
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When wasted is picked-up, where is the meatabolic waste delivered? |
the kidneys |
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What is the purpose of white blood cells? |
tp fight disease |
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How do white blood cells fight disease? |
they are transported to the site of the infection where they engulf the bacteria |
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Where are white blood cells transported when needed? |
to the site of an infection |
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What are antibodies? |
proteins produced by the body to fight bacteria, viruses, etc. |
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What are the types of circulation in the human body? |
pulmonary circulation, systematic circulation, and coronary circulation |
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What occurs during pulmonary circulation? |
blood high in carbon dioxide and low in oxygen is taken from the right side of the heart to the left side |
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What happens when deoxygnated blood is taken from the right side of the heart to the left? |
Carbon dioxide is exchanged for oxygen and the blood is then returned to the left side of the heart |
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What occurs during systematic circulation? |
the blood circulates and flows to all the body organs except the heart and lungs |
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What is provided during systematic circulation? |
oxygen |
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What is removed during systematic circulation? |
waste from the cells |
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What occurs during coronary circulation? |
the blood circulates through the coronary vessels in the muslce of the heart |
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Where is the human heart located? |
the center of the chest, behind the sternum and between the lungs |
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What is the size of the heart? |
about the size of a fist |
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What is the heart? |
a muscle |
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What is the double pump (heart) separated by? |
the septum |
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How many chambers does the heart have? |
4 chambers - 2 upper (atrium) and 2 lower (ventricles) |
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What are the upper chambers called? |
the artium |
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What are the lower chambers called? |
the ventricles |
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What is the purpose of the valves in the heart? |
to keep the blood flowing in one direction |
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Where is the right atrio-ventricular valve (A-V valve) located? |
between the right atrium and the right ventricle |
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What is another name for the right A-V valve |
the tricuspid valve |
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Where is the left atrio-ventircular valve (A-V valve) located? |
between the left atrium and the left ventricle |
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What is another name for the left A-V valve? |
the bicuspid valve |
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Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located? |
between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery |
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Where is the aortic semilunar valve located? |
between the left ventricle and the aorta |
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What makes the heart sounds? |
the closing of the valves |
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What is sound 1 - Lub (harder) sound? |
closing of the A-V valves |
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What is sound 2 - Dub sound? |
closing of the semilunar valves |
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What is another name for a leaky valve? |
a heart murmur |
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What type of valve is leaking when the heart sound is Lub-Swish-Dub? |
a tricuspid or bicuspid leaking valve |
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What type of valve is leaking when the heart sound is Lub-Dub-Swish? |
a semilunar valve leak |
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When do the atria fill with blood from the veins? |
when relaxed |
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What occurs when the atria relax (fill again)? |
the ventricles contract and squeeze blood to the arteries |
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What is the average resting adult heart rate? |
60-80 beats/minute |
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Why does exercise increase the heart rate? |
because as one exercises, the muscles contract squeezing the veins - causing an increased pressure |
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What is deoxygenated blood? |
blood low in oxygen |
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What type of blood does the superior vena cava bring from the upper body to the lower body? |
deoxygenated blood |
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Where is the deoxygenated blood from the superior vena cava carried? |
to the right atrium |
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Where do arteries carry blood? |
away from the heart |
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What is the construction of an artery? |
made of round, thick, flexible strong walls lined wih smooth muscle |
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How is blood forced into the arteries? |
when the heart squeezes |
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What is blood pressure? |
pressure caused by blood pushing against the walls of the vessels - it is the force with which the ventricles contract |
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What is the pulse? |
the alternating expansion and relaxation of the artery walls - can determine how fast the heart is beating |
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What do most arteries carry? |
oxygenated blood under high pressure |
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Which artery does not carry oxygenated blood (the exception)? |
the pulmonary artery |
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Where do veins carry blood? |
always toward the heart |
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What is the construction of a vein? |
less muscle than arteries and are flatter and thinner |
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How does the blood continue to flow in one direction? |
valves help maintain this flow |
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What operates with the blood under high pressure? |
arteries |
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What operates with the blood under low pressure? |
veins |
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What is the smallest structure and is only one cell thick? |
capillaries |
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What occurs within the capillaries? |
the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide, nutrients and metabolic wastes |
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What is the fluid portion of blood called? |
plasma |
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What is the make-up of plasma? |
a straw-colored, non-living and fluid portion of the blood and is 92% water and 8 % nutrients, salt, and dissolved gases |
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What are the solid components of blood made up of? |
red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets |
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Who discovered that some combinations of blood blended smoothly while others caused the blood to clump? |
Karl Landstenier |
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What causes blood to clump? |
proteins on the outer coats of the red blood cells |
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What is important in transfusions? |
that the blood is compatible |
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What happens when the blood is not compatible? |
it will clump and cause blockage in the capillaries |
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What are the different blood types? |
A, B, A-B, and O |
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Which type of blood has both A and B proteins on the red blood cells? |
A-B |
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Which type of blood has no proteins on the red blood cells? |
O |
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What is another name for high blood pressure? |
hypertension |
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What are some of the health risks associated with high blood pressure? |
heart attack or stroke |
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What causes high blood pressure? |
the build-up of cholesterol in the arteries that narrows the pathway for the blood |
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How is high blood pressure determined? |
using a stethoscope and a spygmomanometer to measure blood pressure |
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What is a sphygmomanometer? |
a cuff used to measure blood pressure |
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What are the two measurements used when determining one's blood pressure? |
systole and diastole |
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What is the systole? |
when ventricles contract - giving the higher number which goes on top |
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What is the normal range for systole? |
110-140 |
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What is the diastole? |
when ventricles relax - giving the lower number which goes on bottom |
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What is the normal range for diastole? |
65-90 |
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What usually causes a heart attack? |
blockage in the coronary arteries |
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Why is it problematic when coronary arteries are blocked? |
blood and oxygen cannot reach part of the heart and it dies |
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What is the term used for the death of a section of the heart muscle? |
heart attack |
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What is cardiac arrest? |
when the heart stops beating |
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What is the medical condition in which the number of white blood cells increase but do not fight disease effectively? |
Leukemia |
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What is the medical condition in which there is not enough iron in the blood or too few red blood cells? |
anemia |
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