3 Written Questions

1. Most common hereditary nephritis. Typical presentation is microscopic hematuria, especially after URI. 30 - 75% of cases are associated with progressive hearing loss. End stage renal failure is common by 20s - 30s. Usually x-linked. Ocular abnormalities may be seen, as well as rare leiomyomatosis of esophagus or respiratory tract.
2. "Sack of worms" feeling in one testicle. Generally not painful but may be tender with exercise. Occurs in 15% of males over 10 years old. Usually occurs on the left. May compromise fertility in which case surgery is indicated. Otherwise education and reassurance suffice.
3. 8 year old with intermittent burning upon urination and trace blood on dipstick. Characterized by persistent microscopic hematuria and intermittent macroscopic hematuria. Accompanied by abdominal pain and dysuria without stone formation.

3 Multiple Choice Questions

1. Juxtaglomerular hyperplasia. Autosomal recessive. Causes hypokalemia, hypercalciuria, alkalosis, hyperaldosteronism, and hyerreninemia. Presents between 6-12 months with FTT, constipation, vomiting, polyuria, polydipsia. Treatment is fluid replacement, potassium correction, and nutrition.
   1. Bartter syndrome
   2. Varicocele
   3. Nephrotic syndrome
   4. Alport syndrome
2. Palpable purpura on extensor surfaces of extremities + edema, arthralgia/arthritis, colicky abdominal pain with GI bleeding, acute scrotal pain, and/or renal dysfunction.
   1. Anaphylactoid purpura/Henoch-Schonlein Purpura
   2. Nephrotic syndrome
   3. Idiopathic hypercalciuria
   4. Acute glomerulonephritis
3. 6 year old boy with puffy eyes in the morning and scrotal swelling at night. Labs show elevated triglycerides and cholesterol. Other findings will include: low albumin, decrease in plasma volume, proteinuria. Treatment may include monitoring and salt and water restriction.
   1. Varicocele
   2. Bartter syndrome
   3. Nephrotic syndrome
   4. Alport syndrome

2 True/False Question

1. Hydrocele → "Sack of worms" feeling in one testicle. Generally not painful but may be tender with exercise. Occurs in 15% of males over 10 years old. Usually occurs on the left. May compromise fertility in which case surgery is indicated. Otherwise education and reassurance suffice.
   

   True        False

2. Acute glomerulonephritis → Juxtaglomerular hyperplasia. Autosomal recessive. Causes hypokalemia, hypercalciuria, alkalosis, hyperaldosteronism, and hyerreninemia. Presents between 6-12 months with FTT, constipation, vomiting, polyuria, polydipsia. Treatment is fluid replacement, potassium correction, and nutrition.
   

   True        False