5 Written Questions

1. those protections against discrimination by the government and individuals, intended to prevent discrimination based on race, religion, gender, ethnicity, physical handicap, or sexual orientation
2. a political ideology that tends to favor defense spending and school prayer and to disapporve of social programs, abortion, affirmative action, and a large active goverment
3. a system of law where the court is seen as a neutral area where disputants can argue the merits of their cases
4. government-mandate programs that seek to create special employment opportunities for African Americans, women, and other victims of past discrimination
5. Constitutional powers shared by the federal and state governments

5 Matching Questions

1. Bill of Rights
2. amendment
3. cooperative federalism
4. amicus curiae briefs
5. constitutional convention

1. a addition to the Constitution that require approval by two-thirds of both house of Congress and three-quarters of the states
2. b "friend of the court" briefs that qualified individuals or organizations file in lawsuits to which they are not a party, so the judge may consider their advice in respect to matter s of law that directly affect the cases in question.
3. c preeminent form of U.S. federalism since the passage of the Fourteenth Amendment, national and state governments share many powers
4. d first ten amendments to the U.S. Constitution that guarantee personal liberties and limits the power of the government
5. e an untried method by which the Constitution may be amended, two-thirds of all state legislatures must petition the federal government (do not confuse with Constitutional Convention or when the Constitution was written)

5 Multiple Choice Questions

1. primary election in which voters may select a candidate from any party for each office
   1. budget deficit
   2. block grants
   3. closed primary
   4. blanket primary
2. federal aid given to states with strings attached, to receive it, the states must agree to adhere to federall mandated guideline for spending it
   1. civil rights
   2. block grants
   3. categorical grants
   4. criminal court
3. a lawsuit filed on behalf of a group of people, and whose result affects that group as a whole, interest groups such as the NAACP often use these to assert their influence over policy decisions
   1. class action suit
   2. civil court
   3. criminal court
   4. coalition
4. belief that the Constitution should be interpreted loosely when concerning the restrictions it places on federal power, broad constructionists emphasize the importance of the elastic clause, which allows Congress to pass laws "necessary and proper" to the perfomance of its duties
   1. broad constructionism
   2. block grants
   3. budget resolution
   4. conservative
5. term used to describe courts whose role is to hear appeals from lower courts
   1. appellate jurisdiction
   2. adversary system
   3. budget resolution
   4. affirmative action

5 True/False Question

1. civil service system → a system of law where the court is seen as a neutral area where disputants can argue the merits of their cases
   

   True        False

2. cloture → the process, mandated by the Constitution, by which the population of the U.S. is officially counted every 10 years, data is then used to help distribute federal money and to reapportion congressional districts
   

   True        False

3. conference committee → congressional committee that includes representatives of both house of Congress created to settle differences between the House and Senate versions of bills that have been passed by their respective legislatures
   

   True        False

4. civil disobedience → nonviolent act requiring activists to protest peacefully against laws they believe unjust and to be qilling to accept arrest as a means of demonstrating the justice of their cause (popularized by Henry David Thoreau, practiced by Martin Luther King Jr)
   

   True        False

5. budget deficit → set of budget guidelines that must pass both houses of Congress in identical form by April 15, it guides government spending for the following fiscal year
   

   True        False