5 Written Questions

1. model to explain the way humans create memories; in code, store, and retrieve information like a computer
2. evidence from distractor studies; forgetting is caused by the passage of time; memories deteriorate
3. forgetting caused by information getting mixed up by other information
4. entry points for raw data that has potential to become a memory; length of stay is only a couple of seconds; unlimited capacity; experiment-George Sterling (1960) shows that echoes (auditory) lasts longer than icons (visual) masking
5. memory that involves skill, example: riding a bike

5 Matching Questions

1. eidetic imagery (memory)
2. Tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon (TOT)
3. semantic memory
4. short-term memory (STM)
5. attention

1. a type of explicit memory; memory that includes facts and concepts: like Encyclopedia; school knowledge
2. b the filtering process one uses for all the data in the sensory registers to determine what is transferred to STM; Cocktail Party Phenomenon-Broadbent-when in a noisy environment, a person pays attention to the conversation they are in, not to others; "On/Off"-Triesman-people turn down the other signals, but not off, so an important signal can leak through
3. c in knowing a word, but not able to recall the word; occurs more often with stress or age
4. d true “photographic” memory; phenomenon where a person can recite a poem they read only ones or re-create an image in minute detail
5. e called primary memory by William James; STM or working memory; stores information taken from sensory registers and works on that information; capacity is 1.5 to 2 seconds, 7-10 items; encoding is completed by maintenance (rote) personal, can be phonetic (verbal) or iconic (visual); can only work on one task at a time sufficiently grasped both tasks are completed inadequately

5 Multiple Choice Questions

1. LT memories where a person is aware of what they now and can easily describe these memories; are intentionally retrieved; includes semantic in episodic memories
   1. semantic memory
   2. explicit memory
   3. flashbulb memory
   4. implicit memory
2. the ability to remember the things that we have experienced, imagine, or learned; first explored by Hermann Ebbinghaus
   1. Memory
   2. schema
   3. decay theory
   4. mnemonics
3. LT memories where a person is not aware of having nor can they easily describe the memory; not intentionally retrieved; includes procedural and emotional memories
   1. explicit memory
   2. semantic memory
   3. implicit memory
   4. flashbulb memory
4. vivid memory of a certain event and the incident surrounding the event; example: 9/11, first kiss, wedding day, funeral
   1. semantic memory
   2. flashbulb memory
   3. explicit memory
   4. procedural memory
5. typically caused by head injury; forgetting what happened shortly before the accident (theory-memories aren't anchored in to LTM)
   1. rote rehearsal
   2. interference theory
   3. retrograde amnesia
   4. decay theory

5 True/False Question

1. rote rehearsal → linking new information with old information; giving meaning to information from STM to transfer it to LTM
   

   True        False

2. schema → the ability to remember the things that we have experienced, imagine, or learned; first explored by Hermann Ebbinghaus
   

   True        False

3. proactive interference → old material in LTM interferes with remembering new information; example you always part of the same spot, but today you relate so you parked elsewhere. When going home you appear normal spot before you remember the different spot. Episodic memory type of explicit memory; personal memories of events that run like an episode of TV or movie, can include: declarative-memories you can put into words, flashbulb memories-memories were you remember all the details like a picture
   

   True        False

4. elaborative rehearsal → linking new information with old information; giving meaning to information from STM to transfer it to LTM
   

   True        False

5. retroactive interference → old material in LTM interferes with remembering new information; example you always part of the same spot, but today you relate so you parked elsewhere. When going home you appear normal spot before you remember the different spot. Episodic memory type of explicit memory; personal memories of events that run like an episode of TV or movie, can include: declarative-memories you can put into words, flashbulb memories-memories were you remember all the details like a picture
   

   True        False