5 Written Questions

1. sociological in nature; Hochschild (1983); jobs, typically held by females, often have the employees regulate, manage, or alter emotional expression; likely due to service or helping occupations
2. facial expressions of primary emotions; fairly constant from one culture to another, yet people still get confused; refer to circumstances which it is appropriate for people to show emotions; ex. during surgical procedure Americans show true emotions but Japanese withhold emotions
3. experience of feelings that underlies behavior; activates and effects behaviors but difficult to predict behavior; ex. Fear, joy, surprise
4. steroid hormone from the androgen group; in both men and women, testosterone plays a key role in health and well-being as well as in sexual functioning; Examples include enhanced libido, increased energy, increased production of red blood cells and protection against osteoporosis.
5. learned; need to be praised by those in authority or power

5 Matching Questions

1. Anorexia Nervosa
2. Explicit Acts
3. Extrinsic Motivation
4. Motive
5. Homeostasis

1. a balance; stability; part of the drive-reduction theory; when individual functions effectively because drives are met
2. b nonverbal cues to emotion; gestures; but can be misconstrued, ex. crying over onions, laugh at wrong time
3. c inner directing force; specific need or desire; arouses individual and directs behavior; ex. Hunger, thirst, achievement; can be environmental cues
4. d eating disorder; severe weight loss accompanied by obsessive worrying about weight gain despite the fact the person is 10-15% below normal body weight; symptoms include: absence of 3 menstrual periods (females), distorted body image, intense fear of weight gain, dull eyes, baggy skin, dull hair, sallow skin, listlessness, overexercises, obsession about amount of food eaten; Onset: early adolescence, more white middle-class females; often comorbid with OCD
5. e external motivation; completion of activity because of the consequence: reward or to avoid punishment; ex. Job, chores, school assignment, etc.

5 Multiple Choice Questions

1. theory that motivated behavior is an attempt to reduce a state of tension/arousal in the body and return the body to a state of balance
   1. Arousal Theory
   2. Cognitive Theory
   3. James-Lange Theory
   4. Drive-Reduction Theory
2. humanism; Marlow; graduation of primitive motives to more sophisticated, complex (human needs); higher motives only emerge after basic are fulfilled; Stages-physiological, safety, belonging/love (sometimes a separate stage), esteem, and self-actualization
   1. Hierarchy of Needs
   2. Display Rules
   3. Pheromones
   4. Primary Drive
3. explains sexual drive; Masters & Johnson (1966); EXPLORRE: EXcite, PLateau, ORgasm, REsolution (4 phases); describes the sexual response of males and females
   1. Facial Expression
   2. Testosterone
   3. Sexual Response Cycle
   4. Social Motive
4. behavior aimed at inflicting physical or psychological harm; intent is key element; ex. Road rage, passive aggressive acts, hitting
   1. Aggression
   2. Incentive
   3. Emotion
   4. Drive
5. learned; need to fulfill intimacy and achievement through relationships; not to be confused with affiliation (need to be around people)
   1. Social Motive
   2. Stimulus Motive
   3. Power Motive
   4. Motive

5 True/False Question

1. Pheromones → external stimuli; like primary drive, affects sex drive in animals; indirect evidence suggests that humans secrete pheromones to promote sexual pheromones to promote sexual readiness in potential partners; in sweat glands of armpits and genitals
   

   True        False

2. Plutchik’s 3D model → 1980; 8 basic emotions-fear, surprise, sadness, disgust, anger, anticipation, joy, & acceptance; helps adjust to demands of environment; model illustrates how emotions are more alike to those situated near it than those farther away (circle)_; varies with intensity
   

   True        False

3. Lateral Hypothalamus (LH) → part of the hypothalamus; satiety center; ceases hunger; in rats, works as a “on-off’ switch (studies caused obese rats); has been challenged as the on-off switch; L comes before V, therefore you have to start eating before you can stop
   

   True        False

4. Contact Studies → Harlow; Rhesus monkeys; created surrogate mothers (bare wire and terry cloth); baby monkeys choose cloth ‘mothers’ over nourishment
   

   True        False

5. Intrinsic Motivation → external motivation; completion of activity because of the consequence: reward or to avoid punishment; ex. Job, chores, school assignment, etc.
   

   True        False