5 Written Questions

1. children w/conduct problems evoke harsh parenting from their parents (not genetic, also true of adoptive parents)
2. children who witness high lievels of inter-parental and family conflict that is poorly resolved show elevated rates of behavioural problems (internalising and externalising) . spill-over from interparental relationship into parent-child relationship
3. emotional arousal effect of conflict on children and repeated exposure elicits greater emotional arousal - sensitization. children's reactions to simulated conflict recorded. show emotional arousal to angry adult interactions
4. permissive & warmth - democratic
5. longitudinal study assessed parenting and child internalising and externalising behaviour on 5 occasions (7-12 years). negative control-guilt induction, hostility, and withdrawal from realtionship. leads to child externalising behaviour problems

4 Multiple Choice Questions

1. autoritative parents: high levels of warmth but are also demanding of their children. set clear standards and exercise control but in a non-punitive way. allow children to develop autonomy. are attentive to their children's concerns and needs. clearly communicate standards of conduct and are measured and consistent in discipline
   1. steinberg et al (1994)
   2. block et al (1986)
   3. elder et al (1992)
   4. cummings et al (1985)
2. extensive work on parenting style. interviews & observations
   1. minuchin (1988)
   2. izard (1971)
   3. cummings (1994)
   4. baumrind (1967)
3. family systems theory: mutual influence. wholeness- system is greater than sum of its parts. circulatory of influence - all components are mutually interdependent - change in one has implications for all others. integrity of subsystems - subsystems are related and each relationship can be studied in its own right
   1. minuchin (1988)
   2. cummings (1994)
   3. baumrind (1967)
   4. izard (1971)
4. family conflict affecting children . followed up children age 3, some of whose parents had recently divorced. children whose parents had divorced had more emotional and behaviour problems - could be traced to before divorce. atmosphere of discor and tension. divorced parents disagreed about child-rearing.
   1. steinberg et al (1994)
   2. elder et al (1992)
   3. block et al (1986)
   4. cummings et al (1985)

4 True/False Question

1. maccoby & martin (1983) → children who witness high lievels of inter-parental and family conflict that is poorly resolved show elevated rates of behavioural problems (internalising and externalising) . spill-over from interparental relationship into parent-child relationship
   

   True        False

2. izard (1971) → extensive work on parenting style. interviews & observations
   

   True        False

3. elder et al (1992) → family conflict affecting children . followed up children age 3, some of whose parents had recently divorced. children whose parents had divorced had more emotional and behaviour problems - could be traced to before divorce. atmosphere of discor and tension. divorced parents disagreed about child-rearing.
   

   True        False

4. cummings et al (1985) → 47 pairs of 2yr old children observed on 2 occasions (paired w/a differnt peer at each session). exposed to interactions between 2 adults whilst the pairs of children played. background anger. children easily distinguished between background conditions, showed distress behaviours in anger exchange. freezing behaviour, distress, voice, scolding, mediating. aggressive behaviour w/peer increased in the angry exchange. children tested after 1 month showed similar but higher distress levels
   

   True        False