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5 Written Questions

1. mental grouping of similar objects, events, ideas, or people
2. tendency to be more confident than correct- to overestimate the accuracy of one's beliefs and judgments
3. tendency to approach a problem in a particular way, often a way that has been successful in the past
4. in a language, the smallest unit that carries meaning; like a prefix
5. stage in speech development, from age 1 to 2, during which a child mostly speaks single words

5 Matching Questions

1. availibility heuristic
2. grammar
3. cognition
4. algorithm
5. linguistic determinism

1. a Whorf's hypothesis that language determines the way we think
2. b a methodical, logical rule or procedure that guarantees solving a particular problem
3. c mental activites associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating
4. d in a language, a system of rules tha enable us to communicate with and understand others
5. e estimating the likelihood of events based on their availibility in memory

5 Multiple Choice Questions

1. judging the likelihood of things in terms of how well they seem to represent, or match, particular prototypes
   1. mental set
   2. availibility heuristic
   3. heuristic
   4. representativeness heuristic
2. beginning at 2, stage in speech development during which a child speaks mostly two-word statements
   1. two-word stage
   2. one-word stage
   3. prototype
   4. babbling stage
3. mental image or best example of a category
   1. morpheme
   2. phoneme
   3. concept
   4. prototype
4. inability to see a problem from a new perspective
   1. cognition
   2. fixation
   3. semantics
   4. framing
5. suddent and often novel realization of the solution to a problem
   1. insight
   2. syntax
   3. concept
   4. fixation

5 True/False Question

1. belief bias → tendency for one's preexisting beliefs to distort logical reasoning
   

   True        False

2. confirmation bias → tendency to search for information that confirms one's preconceptions
   

   True        False

3. heuristic → simple thinking strategy that often allows us to make judgments and solve problems efficiently; usually speedier and more error-prone
   

   True        False

4. syntax → rules for combining words into grammatically sensible sentences in a given language
   

   True        False

5. babbling stage → beginning at about 4 months, the stage of speech development in which the infant spontaneously utters various sounds
   

   True        False