5 Written Questions

1. provides a baseline for comparison, does not receive critical treatment (independent variable)
2. measure of central tendency that is the halfway point in a set of data
3. any factor that affects the dependent variable, along with or instead of the independent variable
4. design for research in which neither the experimenter nor the subjects know who is in the experimental or control group
5. part of a sampling process that results in a biased sample

5 Matching Questions

1. representative sample
2. dependent variable
3. data
4. ethics
5. standard deviation

1. a measure of variability that is the average difference between each score and the mean of the data set (demonstrates consistency)
2. b behavior affected by another variable, it is observed and measured (usually before and after and experiment takes place)
3. c code used by psychologists dictating that they minimize discomfort or risk for research participants
4. d numbers that represent research findings and provide the basis for research conclusions
5. e a group of subjects whose characteristics fairly reflect the characteristics of the population they belong to

5 Multiple Choice Questions

1. the only research method to show causation, this involves obtaining a random sample of subjects and using control and experimental groups; allows a researcher to control the data-collection process
   1. generalize
   2. experimenter bias
   3. experiment
   4. median
2. used to collect descriptive data through the intensive examination of a phenomenon in a particular individual, group, or setting (particularly useful for rare or complex phenomena)
   1. twin studies
   2. case study
   3. biased sample
   4. correlation
3. numbers that describe and summarize a set of research data
   1. inferential statistics
   2. twin studies
   3. descriptive statistics
   4. critical thinking
4. specific factors or characteristics that are manipulated and measured in research
   1. range
   2. variables
   3. survey
   4. median
5. a statement of the specific methods used to measure a variable; a detailed explanation of the variable
   1. correlation coefficient
   2. standard deviation
   3. operational definition
   4. critical thinking

5 True/False Question

1. correlation → the degree to which one variable is related to another
   

   True        False

2. correlation coefficient → a statistic (r) that summarizes the strength and direction of a relationship between two variables
   

   True        False

3. random assignment → a group of subjects selected froma population whose members all had an equal chance of being selected
   

   True        False

4. mean → measure of central tendency that is the arithmetic average of the scores in a set of data
   

   True        False

5. experimental group → receives the critical part of the experiment (the independent variable)
   

   True        False