5 Written Questions

1. A measure of spread within a distribution (the square root of the variance). The most popular and most reliable measure of variability but the more skewed a distribution, the more error there will be in the standard deviation because of its reliance on the mean.
2. Relatively permanent memory.
3. A time frame deemed highly important in developing in a healthy manner; can be physically, emotionally, behaviorally, or cognitively.
4. The stimulus in a stimulus-response chain that is not naturally occurring, but rather has been learned through its pairing with a naturally occurring chain.
5. Part of the peripheral nervous system that regulates the involuntary actions of the body (e.g., breathing, heart rate, blood pressure, pupil dilation). Also regulates the Fight or Flight Phenomenon.

5 Matching Questions

1. Higher Order Conditioning
2. Perceptual Constancy
3. Frustration-Aggression Hypothesis
4. Sensory Adaptation
5. Tetrachoric Correlation

1. a A correlational technique used to estimate the Pearson-Product correlation of two continuous variables that have been dichotomized (Example: age is continuous, but when it is split into two groups, such as over 40 and under 40, it becomes dichotomous).
2. b The ability to perceive objects as unchanged despite the change noticed by the senses (e.g., the ability to understand and see buildings as remaining the same height even though they appear larger as we get closer to them).
3. c Pairing a second conditioned stimulus with the first conditioned stimulus in order to produce a second conditioned response.
4. d The theory arguing that aggression is the natural reaction to frustration.
5. e The reduced ability to sense a stimulus after prolonged exposure.

5 Multiple Choice Questions

1. See Thematic Apperception Test
   1. TAT
   2. ANOVA
   3. Axon
   4. Burnout
2. In Psychoanalytical theory, the part of the personality that represents the conscience.
   1. Shaping
   2. Power
   3. Supertraits
   4. Superego
3. Internal states that provide direction for one's behaviors.
   1. Stage
   2. z-test
   3. Phobia
   4. Motive
4. According to Freud, the restriction demanded by the superego.
   1. Transference
   2. Construct
   3. Conscience
   4. Conservation
5. The tendency to assign internal attributes to successes and external factors to failures.
   1. Self Serving Bias
   2. All or None Law
   3. Modeling
   4. Reversibility

5 True/False Question

1. Dependent Variable → The variable in an experiment that is measured; the outcome of an experiment.
   

   True        False

2. Vicarious Reinforcement → Research design that utilizes the most control over subjects and utilizes randomization
   

   True        False

3. Upper Confidence Level → The level of certainty that the true score falls within a specific range. The smaller the range the less the certainty.
   

   True        False

4. Latent Learning → Information brought in through the senses.
   

   True        False

5. Spearman's Rho → A correlational technique used primarily for rank ordered data (ordinal scale).
   

   True        False