some irregular verbs (like boire, venir, and prendre) have changes in the stem that carry over into the pres subj. . The pres subj endings are added on. (que je boive, que nous buvions) (que je vienne, que nous venions) (que tu prennes, que vous preniez)
Avoir: (que j'eusse, qu'il eût, que nous eussions). Être: (que je fusse, qu'il fût, que nous fussions). Faire: (que je fisse, qu'il fît, que nous fissions). Venir: (que je vinsse, qu'il vînt, que nous vinssions)
take the root (drop the -er from the infinitive) and add (-ai, -as, -a, -âmes, âtes, -èrent) (use extra 'e' in -ger except in 'ils' form. for -cer, add 'ç' instead of 'c' in all but the 'ils' form)
literary. -er verbs: add these endings to the stem (-asse, -asses, -ât, -assions, -assiez, -assent). for -ir, -re and irregulars: add these imperfect subjunctive endings (-sse, -sses, -(cflex)t, -ssions, -ssiez, -ssent) to the passé simple form minus the consonants of the ending [for regular -ir and -re, take off the infinitive endings, and add 'i'] . also, remove the cflexs from the nous and vous forms that are in the PS.
for most verbs: drop the -ons from the present nous form, and add (-e, -es, -e, -ions, -iez, -ent). most irregular verbs (like lire, écrire, and joindre) follow the regular pattern of adding the pres subj endings to the stem. (que je lise, que nous lisions) (que tu écrives, que vous écriviez) (qu'il joigne, que nous joignions)
a more on present subjunctive
b present subjunctive
c passé simple (er regular)
d imperfect subjunctive
e imperfect subjunctive (aller, être, faire, venir)
5 Multiple Choice Questions
even more on the present subjunctive
passé simple: most irregular verbs that have a past participle ending in -u have a stem that resembles their past participle. their endings are (-s, -s, -t, -(cflex)mes, -(cflex)tes, -rent)
passé simple: falloir
special passé simple: mourir
imperfect subjunctive: even if he/even if it
5 True/False Question
je vins, tu vins, il vint, nous vînmes, vous vîntes, ils vinrent → special passé simple: être
j'eus, tu eus, il eut, nous eûmes, vous eûtes, ils eurent → passé simple: avoir
je fus, tu fus, il fut, nous fûmes, vous fûtes, ils furent → special passé simple: être
composed of the present subjunctive of the auxillary verb(être, avoir) with the past participle. que tu aies parlé. use it when the sentence is informal, and the action of the subordinate clause occurs before the action of the main clause → past subjunctive
-cer have the 'ç' thoughout, and -ger have the extra 'e' thoughout. → more on the imperfect subjunctive