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Ch. 2 History Study Guide

Terms in this set (49)

Stamp Act (1765)
Parliament passed this act, which taxed most printed materials, it was the first direct tax levied on the colonists, caused a lot of debate and problems
Quartering Act (1774)
fourth Coercive Act, colonists must provide food and housing for British soldiers on demand
Currency Act (1764)
an act made to slow inflation, banned the use of paper money in the colonies because it tended to lose value quickly, angered many colonists who used paper money to repay loans
Declaratory Act (1766)
Parliament was able to make laws
Sugar Act (1764)
actually called American Revenue Act, an act that increased tax on imported raw sugar and molasses along with other items, led to the expression "no taxation without representation"
Paul Rever
one of the patriots in the American Revolution who warned Lexington that the British were coming
Charles Cornwallis
British general in charge of fighting in South Carolina
Robert Morris
a man who helped pay for war
Loyalists (Tories)
Americans who were mainly from Georgia, the Carolinas, and New York. They supported the British side in the conflict
Patriots (Whigs)
Mainly from New England and Virginia, they believed that the British had become tyrants
William Howe
General in charge
-Led 32,000 highly trained soldiers
-Two part strategy
1. Gain control of NY
2. Invited delegates from Congress to peace conference; promised rebels who surrendered would be pardoned (lie)
Molly Pitcher
AKA Molly Ludwig Hayes, first known woman on battlefield (Monmouth, fired cannon), nicknamed Pitcher because she was only supposed to give water to the soldiers
George Washington
general chosen to lead continental army, only chosen because he was very confident and he knew British tactics
Nathan Hale
colonial volunteer who was sent to spy on the British, disguised as a teacher, caught and hanged, claimed he would die again for his country
Thomas Jefferson
Believed in an educated public, government funded universities, Wrote Declaration of Independence, suggested idea of Committee of Correspondence
Guerrilla Warfare
fighting during which soldiers hide behind trees instead of standing lines out in the open
Minutemen
companies of civilian soldiers who boasted they were ready to fight at a minute's notice
Committees of Correspondence
Committe organized in each colony to communicate with and unify the colonies
Writs of assistance
a search warrant enabling customs officers to enter any location to look for evidence of smuggling
Republic
government in which people who can vote have the power
Bicameral
having two branches or chambers (senate and representative), proposed by John Adams,
French and Indian War (1754-1763)
"Seven Years' War", the war fought between Britain and France, began because Britain felt they needed to prevent the French from gaining control over trade and territories that the British thought were theirs
Treaty of Paris 1763
the end of the French and Indian war, it was signed after Britain's victory over France and Spain
Olive Branch Petition
the final attempt at avoiding further conflict between the Thirteen Colonies and Great Britain, it affirmed American loyalty to Great Britain and the king, the king refused to read it
Boston Tea Party
Protest against increased tea prices in which colonists dumped british tea into boston harbor
Declaration of Independence
start of war
Battle of Yorktown
British surrendered, colonists won, last battle of the Revolutionary war
Battle of Bunker Hill (loss)
battle that boosted confidence because it showed that Americans could beat British the two out of three times, pushed off hill, only lost because they didn't have enough ammo
Battle of Charles Town
British captured largest Southern city, greatest American defeat of the war, General Charles Cornwallis left in command
Battle of Lexington (loss)
Colonial militias organized in New England; minutemen were ready to fight, April 19, 1775 (Shot heard around the world), Paul Revere and William Dawes warned colonists in Lexington that the British were coming
Valley Forge
the place that the Continental Army set up camp
Continental Army was formed from/by
Continental Congress/consisted of militia surrounding Boston led by George Washington
"Education is the keystone of the arch of government."
Thomas Jefferson stated this, it meant that people who were educated knew more about government
Continental Congress couldn't pay for war because of this reason
no taxes were collected
Their victory over the British unified Americans in these ideas
equality
After the American Revolution, voting rights were extended for this group of people
white men
Describe the changes for women after the Revolutionary War
they could more easily get a divorce and gained more access to education
Describe the changes for African Americans after the Revolutionary War
many Americans realized that enslaving people did not fit in with the new ideals of liberty and equality, emancipation- the act of process of freeing an enslaved persons
Coercive Acts (1774)
four laws passed my Parliament intended to punish Massachusetts and put an end to colonial challenges to British authority, Boston Port Act, Massachusetts Government Act, Administration of Justice Act, Quartering Act
(part of the Intolerable Acts)
Intolerable Acts (1774)
the Coercive Acts and the Quebec Act together
Boston Massacre
a street fight that occurred on March 5, 1770, between a "patriot" mob, throwing snowballs, stones, and sticks, and a squad of British soldiers, 5 colonists were killed and this led to a campaign by speech-writers to rouse the ire of the citizenry
John Adams
made proposals such as; there should be a democracy, checks and balances, separation of powers, bicameral legislature
Treaty of Paris 1783
the treaty that ended the American Revolutionary War
Boston Port Act (1774)
first Coercive Act, closed Boston's harbor until city paid the East India Company for damages from the Boston Tea Party
Massachusetts Government Act (1774)
second Coercive Act, members of legislature were to be appointed by the king, instead of being elected
Administration of Justice Act (1774)
third Coercive Act, British soldiers that committed a crime were to be tried in Britain, instead of the colonies
Senate
...
Representative
...
Quebec Act (1774)
implied that British were trying to take control of colonial governments, setting procedures of governance in the Province of Quebec
(part of the Intolerable Acts)
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