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Nutrition Exam 2

Terms in this set (80)

Which part of its chemical structure differentiates one amino acid from another?
Its side group
In the stomach, hydrochloric acid:
Denatures proteins and activates pepsin
Which of the following foods provides highest quality protein? (egg, corn, gelatin, whole grains)
Egg
True or False? Fruits do NOT contain proteins?
True
Tissue swelling that results from water accumulating between cells is known as?
Edema
Which of the following defines protein turnover?
The sum of protein synthesis and degradation
Proteins that maintain the acid-base balanca of the blood and body fluids by accepting and releasing hydrogen ions are:
Buffers
Your college dormitory roommate told you that he's had anemia for quite some time and that its from having abnormally shape hemoglobin. What type of anemia does he have?
Sickle-Cell Anemia
What is the process by which heat or acidity disrupts the normal shape of a protein chain?
Denaturation
Gelatin lacks _______, keeping it from being a high quality protein.
Tryptophan
During metabolism, released energy is captured and transferred by:
ATP
The body derives most of its energy from:
Glucose and fatty acids
The simplest amino acid is:
Glycine
Which of the following describes the sum of all chemical reactions that go in living cells?
Metabolism
Which of the following organs is most metabolically active?
Liver
An aerobic reaction is one that requires?
Oxygen
Which of the following is one explanation for the generally lower tolerance for alcohol in women in comparison to men?
Women have lower amounts of stomach alcohol dehydrogenase
For complete oxidation, acetyl CoA enters ____?
The TCA cycle
Liver converts fats to ______ during fasting.
Ketone bodies
Which of the following is a characteristic of ketosis?
It may lead to a lowering of blood pH
A person watching TV after dinner reaches for a snack during a commercial in response to:
External cue
What instrument is used to measure the energy content of foods?
Bomb calorimeter
An index of a persons weight in relation to height is called:
Body Mass Index
Jim is a 45 year old who eats fast food at least 3 times a week and smokes a pack of cigarettes each day. He jsut had a physical examination and was told that his body mass index is 24. In what category would Jims BMI be classified?
Healthy weight
Which of the following defines central obesity?
Storage of excess fat around the trunk of the body
What term is given to the condition of a female athlete who has an eating disorder and develops amenorrhea and osteoporosis?
Female athlete triad
Typical foods chosen by a person with bulimia nervosa during a binge include all of the following except? (bread, cookies, ice cream, vegetables)
Vegetables
The psychological desire to eat that accompanies the sight, smell, or thought of food is known as:
Appetite
For healths sake, a person with a BMI of 21 might want to:
Maintain weight
The largest component of energy expenditure is:
Basal metabolism
Visceral fat is stored chiefly
Around the abdominal organs
With weight loss, fat cells:
Decrease in size only
What serves as the bodys chief storage site for lipids?
White adipose tissue
To help prevent body fat gain, the DRI suggests daily, moderately intense, physical activities totaling?
60 minutes
A popular eating plan that promises quick weight loss is known as a (n)?
Fad diet
What is a safe rate of weight loss on a long-term basis for most overweight people?
0.5-2lbs per week
Which of the following is a feature of gastric surgery for the treatment of clinically severe obesity?
It diminishes the amount of food that can be eaten without GI distress
What is the best approach to weight loss?
Reduce daily energy intake and increase enerfy expenditure
Which of the following is NOT used to evaluate the risks to health from obesity?
Blood leptin levels
The protein produced by the fat cells under the direction of the ob gene is called:
Leptin
Which of the following is NOT among the components of fitness?
Bone fragility
A muscle that increases in size in response to use is an example of:
Hypertrophy
Which of the following components of training define (s) the progressive overload principle?
Intensity, frequency, and duration
"Hitting the wall" is a term runners use to describe:
Glucose depletion
The boys need for _____ far surpases its need for any other nutrient.
Water
Physically active young women, especailly those who are endurance athletes, are prone to:
Iron deficiency
A reccommended pregame metal includes plenty of fluids and provides between:
300 and 800 calories, mostly from carbohydrate rich foods
The volume of blood ejected by the heart each minute is known as the
Cardiac output
In weight training, muscle strength can best be emphasized performaing a
Low number of reps with heavy weight
Physical inactivity is linked to all of the following diseases except:
Emphysema
A cell structure where protein synthesis takes place?
Ribosome
A large protein that carries oxygen?
Hemoglobin
The major energy fuel for the Central nervous system?
Glucose
An enzyme with activity levels related to a persons sex?
Gastric Alcohol Dehydrogenase
Irritating sensation that initiates thoughts of food?
Hunger
Eating in response to the time of day?
External cue
A theory that the body tends to maintain a certain weight by internal controls?
Set point
Hormone that regulates appetite in repsonse to body fat levels?
Leptin
Substance in muscle that serves as a source of energy and water?
Glycogen
A precursor in the formation of a high-energy compound in muscle cells?
Creatine
The components of fitness include the following: Flexibility, Cardiorespiratory endurance, Muscle ___, and Muscle ___?
Strength, Endurance
When protein intake is high, ___ excretion increases.
Calcium
The RDA for proteins is?
8kg/day, 10-35%
____ are the building blocks for proteins?
Amino Acids
True or false: Fatty acids CANNOT make glucose?
True
Liver converts fats to ____ during fasting?
Ketone bodies
What is the difference in fat distribution between males and females?
Males gain fat around waist, Females gain around the thighs and hips.
Energy in ___ Energy out= Weight loss
<
Energy in ___ Energy out= Weight gain
>
Energy in ___ Energy out= weight maintenance
=
Condtioned muscles rely less on ____ and more on ___ for energy?
Glycogen, Fat
Name 3 benefits of physical activity?
Reduce risk of cardiovascular disease, Helps with your sleep cycle, Maintain good body composition.
Name 2 issues with fad diets?
Not approved by FDA, leave out food groups, false hopes of weight loss.
Name an anaerobic exercise?
Weight training and doing sprints.
What is the difference between gastric bypass and gastric banding?
Gastric banding is reversible, while gastric bypass is not.
Name 3 ways that may help you satisfy your hunger and feel full while reducing calories?
Drink more water, Eat nutrient dense foods, Eat more meals but less portions throughout the day.
Lower energy dense foods for breakfast?
Cup of OJ, banana, oatmeal
Lower energy dense foods for mid-morning?
Water, yogurt
Lower energy dense foods for lunch?
Salad with olive oil and vinegar, turkey sandwich on wheat/whole grain bread with a slice of low fat cheese and lettuce
Lower energy dense foods for dinner?
Chicken with vegetables and brown rice
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