Human Health & Disease
Reduced blood flow to tissues because of vasoconstriction of capillaries in the area of inflammation
1. A patient has a swollen ear caused by a bacterial infection. Which of the following is not a feature of the inflammatory process?
Corticosteroids facilitate destruction of organisms and promote recovery.
Which of the following statements about pathogenic microorganisms is NOT true?
Accumulation of plasma cells and formation of immunoglobulins
A young man is struck on the cheek by a baseball and sustains an injury in which the skin is not broken and the cheekbone is not fractured. He develops an acute inflammation in the injured area. Which of the following is NOT part of the acute inflammatory process?
neurtrophil
The most important cell in the acute inflammatory response is an actively phagocytic cell called the __________.
Mediators of inflammation
These are chemical agents that are released when tissue is damaged, promoting an inflammatory response.
An infection or an inflammatory process is occurring in that tissue or organ.
What does the ending -itis indicate when it is affixed to the name of an organ or tissue (e.g., hepatitis)?
Blood vessels expand and become more permeable.
What happens when the vasodilator histamine is released by the mast cells?
the ease with which a pathogenic organism can overcome host defenses
The term virulence refers to __________.
True
Extensive destruction of tissue resulting from inflammation is often followed by scarring that may impair the function of the tissue in which the scarring has occurred. T/F
True
The inflammatory reaction is the same no matter what kind of injury is present, because the injury itself does not directly cause the reaction. T/F
True
The ability of the body's defenses to fight off a pathogenic organism depends on both the virulence of the organisms and the resistance of the infected person. T/F
True
Resolution occurs when an inflammation is mild and the tissue returns to normal without any need for repair. T/F
True
16. The release of mediators from any source can trigger not only inflammation, but also the release of other mediators.
A. Inflammation of the colon
B. Inflammation of the lung
C. An acute spreading infection at any site
D. Inflammation of the appendix
E. An infection that spreads into the bloodstream
Ans: D, B, E,C, A
___ Appendicitis
___ Pneumonitis
___ Septicemia
___ Cellulitis
___ Colitis
Resolution, repair, areas of destruction replaced by scar tissue, mediators intensify inflammatory process, mediators generate more mediators
Name five outcomes of inflammation.
"Infection" refers to an invasion of tissues by an organism; "inflammation" refers to a bodily response to either infection or injury or an antibody-antigen interaction.
What is the difference between the terms "infection" and "inflammation"?
Mast cells have granules that contain histamine, which acts as a vasodilator, increasing vascular permeability.
Blood platelets contain histamine and serotonin that are released when platelets adhere to collagen fibers.
Prostaglandins are derived from fatty acids and sustain inflammatory response.
Leukotrienes are synthesized from arachidonic acid and increase bronchial constriction, attract neutrophils, and increase vascular permeability.
Give two examples of cell mediators of inflammation and their actions.
The body's natural response is the formation of scar tissue that replaces normal tissue following large areas of tissue injury and damage. Fibrous connective tissue that makes up scar tissue is paler, thicker than surrounding tissue, with limited function.
Explain why resolution of severe inflammation may result in compromise of organ function.