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Science
Medicine
Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology 37/17
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Terms in this set (51)
diplopia
doublevision
strabismus
abnormal deviation of the eye
iris
colored portion of the eye; surrounds the pupil
cornea
fibrous layer of clear tissue that extends over the anterior portion of the eyeball
pupil
dark center of the eye through which light rays enter
Conjunctiva
Delicate membrane lining the eyelids and covering the anterior eyeball
Retina
Contains sensitive cells (rods and cones) that transmit light energy to nervous impulses
Sclera
Tough white outer coat of the eyeball
Vitorous humor
Jelly-like material behind the lens; helps to maintain the shape of the eyeball
Photophobia
Condition of sensitivity to light
Anisocoria
Condition of pupils of unequal size (anis/o)
Scotoma
Blind spot; the area of darkened vision surrounded by clear vision
Hordeolum
Localized purulent infection of sebaceous gland in the eyelid, a stye
Glaucoma
Increased intraocular pressure results in retinal and optic nerve damage
Cataracts
Clouding of the lens, causes decreased vision
VF
Visual field
OU
Both eyes
c. gl.
With glasses
PERRLA
Pupils equal, round, reactive to light and accommodation
Accommodation
The normal adjustment of the lens to bring an object into focus
s. gl.
Without glasses
Amblyopia
Decreased vision, lazy eye resulting from stabismus and uncorrected refractive errors in childhood
Myopia
Nearsightedness
Presbyopia
Decreased vision at near, resulting from old age
Hyperopia
Farsightedness
Macular degeneration
Deterioration of the macula lutea of the retina
OD
Right eye
OS
Left eye
Pinna
Flap of the ear, auricle
Malleus
First little bone of the middle ear shaped like a hammer
Stapes
Third small bone of the middle ear shaped like a stirrup
Incus
Second small bone of the middle ear shaped like an anvil
Cochlea
Snail shaped spirally wound tube in the inner ear, contains hearing sensitive receptor cells
Ossicle
Small bone
Presbycusis
Defness due to old age
Tympanoplasty
Surgical repair of the eardrum
Cerumen
Wax in the external auditory meatus
Otitis media
Inflammation of the middle ear: ot
Audiometer
Instrument to measure hearing
Axillary temperature of an infant
98.2
Infant pulse
120-160
Infant RR
30-50
Tympanic Membrane
Eardrum
Oval window
Membrane between the middle and inner ear
Lens
Tranparent body behind the iris and in front of the vitreous humor; Refracts light rays to bring them into focus on the retina.
Astigmatism
Imperfection in the eyes curvature
Hemianopsia
Absence of Vision in half of the visual field
Emmetropia
Normal vision
Intraocular
Pertaining to within the eye
Blepharitis
Inflammation of the eyelid
Keratitis
Inflammation of the cornea
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(CNT) are among the most versatile building blocks in nanotechnology. These unique pure carbon materials resemble rolled-up sheets of graphite with diameters of several nanometers and lengths up to several micrometers. They are stronger than steel, have higher thermal conductivities than most known materials, and have electrical conductivities like that of copper but with higher current-carrying capacity. Molecular transistors and biosensors are among their many applications. While most carbon nanotube research has been based on laboratory-scale synthesis, commercial applications involve large industrial-scale processes. In one such process, carbon monoxide saturated with an organo-metallic compound (iron penta-carbonyl) is decomposed at high temperature and pressure to form CNT, amorphous carbon, and $\mathrm{CO}_{2}$. Each "molecule" of CNT contains roughly 3000 carbon atoms. The reactions by which such molecules are formed are: Decomposition of $\mathrm{Fe}(\mathrm{CO})_{5}$ to form iron, which catalyzes Reaction (2) $\mathrm{Fe}(\mathrm{CO})_{5}(\mathrm{g}) \longrightarrow \mathrm{Fe}(\mathrm{s})+5 \mathrm{CO}(\mathrm{g})$ Decomposition of CO to form CNT $6000 \mathrm{CO}(\mathrm{g}) \longrightarrow \mathrm{C}_{3000}(\mathrm{s})+3000 \mathrm{CO}_{2}(\mathrm{g})$ Decomposition of CO to form amorphous carbon $2 \mathrm{CO}(\mathrm{g}) \longrightarrow \mathrm{C}(\mathrm{s})+\mathrm{CO}_{2}(\mathrm{g})$ In the process to be analyzed, a fresh feed of CO saturated with $\mathrm{Fe}(\mathrm{CO})_{5}(\mathrm{v})$ contains 19.2 wt% of the latter component. The feed is joined by a recycle stream of pure CO and fed to the reactor, where all of the iron penta-carbonyl decomposes. Based on laboratory data, 20.0% of the CO fed to the reactor is converted, and the selectivity of CNT to amorphous carbon production is (9.00 kmol CNT/kmol C). The reactor effluent passes through a complex separation process that yields three product streams: one consists of solid CNT, C, and Fe; a second is $\mathrm{CO}_{2}$ generated in the process (kg/h), and the ratio (kmol CO recycled/kmol CO in fresh feed). a) Take a basis of 100 kmol fresh feed. Draw and fully label a process flow chart and do degree-of-freedom analyses for the overall process, the fresh-feed/recycle mixing point, the reactor, and the separation process. Base the analyses for reactive systems on atomic balances. b) Write and solve overall balances, and then scale the process to calculate theflow rate (SCM/h) of fresh feed required to produce 1000 kg CNT/h and the mass flow rate of $\mathrm{CO}_{2}$ that would be produced. c) In your degree-of-freedom analysis of the reactor, you might have counted separate balances for C (atomic carbon) and O (atomic oxygen). In fact, those two balances are not independent, so one but not both of them should be counted. Revise your analysis if necessary, and then calculate the ratio (kmol CO recycled/kmol CO in fresh feed). d) Prove that the atomic carbon and oxygen balances on the reactor are not independent equations.
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