Unit 3 Cells

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Cell
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Terms in this set (32)
Cell
The smallest unit that can perform all life processes.
Image: Cell
Cell Membrane
A phospholipid layer that covers a cell's surface and allows materials to move in and out of the cell.
Image: Cell Membrane
Organelle
One of the small bodies in a cell's cytoplasm that are specialized to perform a specific function for the cell.
Image: Organelle
Nucleus
In a eukaryotic cell, a membrane-bound organelle that contains the cell's DNA and is the control center for the cell's activities.
Image: Nucleus
Cells
It is covered by a membrane and has DNA and cytoplasm.
Image: Cells
Cell Membrane
Acts as a barrier between the inside of a cell and the cell's environment. A protective covering that allows materials to move in and out of the cell.
Image: Cell Membrane
Prokaryote
An organism that consists of a single-cell that does not have a nucleus.
Image: Prokaryote
Eukaryote
An organism made up of cells that have a nucleus enclosed by a membrane.
Image: Eukaryote
Cell Wall
A rigid outer structure that surrounds the cell membrane and provides support to the plant cell.
Image: Cell Wall
Ribosome
Cell organelle composed of RNA and protein; the site of protein synthesis; Makes protein, or the main product for the cell.
Image: Ribosome
Endoplasmic ReticulumA system of membranes that is found in a cell's cytoplasm, and that assists in the production, processing, and transport of proteins and in the production of lipids.MitochondriaThese power the cell by breaking down sugar to produce energy.Golgi ComplexCell organelle that helps make and package materials to be transported out of the cell.VesicleA small cavity or sac made of Golgi membrane that carries materials to be moved in or out of the cell.LysosomeA cell organelle that contains digestive enzymes to break down wastes, foreign invaders, or damaged organelles.ChloroplastsThis is an organelle that absorbs sunlight for photosynthesis.ChlorophyllA green pigment in chloroplasts that can trap sun energy.PhotosynthesisThe process where plants take in sun energy, water, and carbon dioxide to make their own food (stored as the sugar glucose).Robert HookeThe first person to describe the cell while looking at a piece of cork.MicroscopeCells couldn't be observed until this was invented.VolumeWhich grows faster, volume or surface area?Surface AreaWhich needs to be greater for a cell to function most efficiently, volume or surface area?CytoplasmThe fluid that holds contents and allows movement of materials in the cell.DNAThis has the instructions for making proteins (the main cell product) and new cells and is located in the nucleus.Part 1 of Cell TheoryAll organisms are made of 1 or more cells.Part 2 of Cell TheoryThe cell is the basic unit of all living things.Part 3 of Cell TheoryAll cells come from existing cells.MulticellularOrganisms with more than 1 cell, like animals, plants, or humans.UnicellularOrganisms with 1 cell like yeast, bacteria, amoeba,and protists.Surface Area-to-Volume RatioThis must be in the right ratio so the cell can get enough nutrients and get rid of enough waste.Anton van LeeuwenhoekThe Dutch merchant in 1673 who looked at pond scum and saw organisms that he named animalcules. He also discovered that yeast is a single-celled organism.Theodor SchwannThis scientist studied animals and in 1839 decided that animal tissues had cells. He wrote the first 2 parts of cell theory.

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