Biology Ch 10, Section 3 Regulation Review

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Describe the effect of environmental conditions on the cell cycle
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Describe the effect of environmental conditions on the cell cycle
Cells grow and divide depending on signals from other cells and from organs, and on the availability of nutrients and proteins. The cell cycle is interrupted if the environment is not optimal for division
What happens at each of the three checkpoints of the cell cycle?
G1 checkpoint--checks size and surroundings before entering the S phase.
G2 checkpoint--checks size and for mistakes in copying its DNA, and corrects mistakes before cell goes into mitosis
Mitosis checkpoint--checks that chromosomes are properly attached to the spindle fibers so separation can occur properly
What is the difference between a benign tumor and a malignant tumor?
A benign tumor is a defective growth of cells that does not spread to other parts of the body. Generally removed by surgery.
A malignant tumor is one that has invaded and destroyed nearby health tissue and organs. If cells break loose from the tumor and travel through the body forming additional tumors, they are said to have metastasized and are very difficult to treat
Propose an example of a situation in which an environmental condition might signal dell division in an organism
Some plants grow when the weather gets warm. Temperature could be an environmental condition that signals cell division in some plant cells
The three checkpoints that a cell goes through allow the cell cycle to proceed correctly. What would happen if these steps did not function properly?
If the cell cycle doesn't function properly at any checkpoint then the cell may not divide properly. This would result in an unequal distribution of genetic material into the daughter cells. The inspection process controls the cell cycle so the cell is ready for each upcoming stage
How can people protect themselves from known risk factors for cancer?
No smoking, drinking only moderate amounts of alcohol, eat a healthy low-fat diet, use sunscreen, exercise and avoid cancer-causing chemicals and radiation