Upgrade to remove ads
Only $2.99/month

Unit 1 Test: Major Concepts Chapter 18

Terms in this set (16)

Queen Liliukalani
Queen of Hawaii who surrendered to the United States
Imperialism
A policy in which stronger nations extend their economic, politcal or military control over weaker territories (trend around the world)
Explain the economic and cultural factors that fueled the growth of american imperialism
1. Desire for military strength
-Alfred Mahan was navy leader who built up American Naval power

2. Searched for new markets
-advanced technology increased american farmas and factory production far more than american citizens can consume
-imperialist viewed foreign trade as the solution to American over production

3. Belief in cultural superiority
-wanted other countries to be like America (white superiority)
How did US acquire Alaska?
William Seward
-arranged to buy Alaska from Russia
-big supporter of American expansian
-had trouble persuading the House of Rep to approve funding
-it proved to be a good purchase: Alaska was rich in timber, minerals and oils
How did US acquire Hawaii?
-McKinley Tariff of 1890 eliminated the duty-free status of Hawaiin sugar
-American planters in Hawaii called for the US to annex the islands so they wouldn't have to pay the duty tax
-Sanfod B. Dole-headed the new government of Hawaii after Queen Liliuokalani was overthrown
-president Cleveland would not annex Hawaii unless the majority of Hawaiins wanted it
-McKinley the new president annexed Hawaii as the 50th state without anyone's votes
Contrast American Opinions regarding Cuban Revolt agains Spain
-Jose Marti-cuban poet and journalist in exile in New York launched a revolution in 1895 using guerilla campaign. He destroyed American owned sugar mills and plantations to provoke the US to get involved in freeing Cuba.
-why for spain: business people wanted government to support spain for their own interest (businesses)
-why against spain: americans enthusiastic for rebel cause (brought back memories when trying to be freed of Britain rule)
Identify events that escalated the conflict between US and Spain
-Valeriano Weyler: was sent to Cuba to restore order
-he made concentration camps to crush the rebellions
-used yellow journalism tactics to lure and enrage readers
-this deepened our sympathy for the rebels
-DeLome Letter: was leaked to the public-it criticized President McKinley. Americans were angered over the insult of their president
-USS Maine Explodes: ship sent to Cuba to protect Americans blew up
Trace the course of the Spanish American war and its results
1. War in the Phillipines: first battle, Phillipines wanted freedom from Spain
-Americans joined forces with Filipino rebels led by Emilio Aguinaldo and Spanish troops eventually surrendered to the US.
2. The War in the Caribbean: rough riders (Roosevelt's men) a volunteer calvary under Roosevelt led a group of volunteers-they fought on foot because their horses never reached Cuba on time
-San Juan Hill: most famous land battle in Cuba-second victory. This victory strategically allowed for the Americans to capture more land which helped them win the war
3. Invaded Puerto Rico
4. Treaty of Paris: was a cease fire agreement and Guam, Puerto Rico, was given to the US and Cuba was freed by Spain
Describe US involvement in Puerto Rico
-Puerto Rico was strategically important for the US.
-military rule: PR was controlled by the US military
-Foraker Act: ended military rule and set up civil government in Puerto Rico
-US had the power to appoint PR's governor and members of the Upper house, PR's elected the lower house
Describe US involvement in Cuba
US troops still occupied parts of Cuba
-provided food and clothing
-helped farmers
-organized schools
-helped eliminate yellow fever
PLATT amendment: provisions added to the cuban constitution-US wanted these provisions
-no treaties allowed
-US reserved the right to intervene with Cuba
-Cuba not allowed to go into debt
-US could buy or lease land
Cuba became a US protectorate: (a country whose affairs are partially controlled by a stronger power) because they wanted to protect American businesses in Cuba.
Identify causes and effects of the Phillipine-American War
CAUSES
-spain is mad that the US bought the Phillipines
-Emilio Aguinaldo outraged and fought for freedom-he felt betrayed. He believed that the US promised independence but the Treaty of Paris called for American annexation of the Phillipines

EFFECTS
-US military action in the Phillipines resulted in suffering for Fillipino civilians-died of malnutrition and homes were burnt with guerilla tactics
-US set up government similar to Puerto Rico
-US president would elect a governor and Upper House
-Fillipinos would elect lower house
Eventually the Phillipines finally became independent July 4, 1946
Foreign influence in China
-US imperialists saw the Phillipines as a gateway to the rest of Asia
-US feared that China would be carved into colonies (because France, Germany, Britain, Japan and Russia settled along the coast of China)
-John Hay issued a series of Policy Statements called the open door notes: these notes were letters addressed to the leaders of imperialist nations proposing that the nations share their trading rights with the United States

Although China kept it's freedom, Europeans dominated most of China's large cities-they became resentful
-Boxer Rebellion:
-killed hundreds of missionaries
-Chinese rebellion to free their country form western influence
Summarize the views regarding US Imperialism
views for Imperialism:
-American believed that the growth of the US economy depended on exports.
-they felt the US had a right to intervene abroad to keep foreign markets open
-they feared that the closing of an area to American products, citizens or ideas threatened US survival

views against imperialism
-those opposed this agreed that it was wrong for the US to rule other people without their consent
(Mark Twain the novelist questioned the motives for imperialism)
Explain how the T. Roosevelt's foreign policy promoted American Power around the world
-he built on the Open Door notes to increase American influence in East Asia
-Roosevelt Corollary: added to the monroe doctrine stating any disorder in Latin American might force the US to exercise police power

Dollar Diplomacy: the US policy using the Nations economic power to exert influence over other countries-this was often used to justify keeping European powers out of the Caribbean (example: loaning money to Nicaragua to help them get out of debt and in return US bankers recover their money by collecting customs duites, gaining control of railroads and it's national bank)
Panama Canal
-US needed a canal cutting across Central America to reduce travel time for commercial and military shipsby providing a short cut between Atlantic and Pacific oceans
Describe how W. WIlson's missionary diplomacy ensured US dominance in Latin America
-gave Monroe Doctrine a moral tone
-the US had a moral responsibility to deny recognition to any Latin American government it viewed as oppressive, undemocratic, or hostile to US interests.
-Wilson's policy pressured nations in the Western Hemisphere to establish democratic governments
-Mexican Revolution-put this policy to the test
-Venustiano Carranza became president and Mexico recognized the Carranza Government

Francisco Vila and Emiliano Zapata opposed opposed Carranza's provisional government and Wilson ordered General John Pershing and and expeditionary force into Mexico to capture Villa dead or alive.

US intervention in Mexican affairs provided a clear model of American imperialist attitudes in the early years of the 20th century. Americans believed in the superiority of free-enterprise democracy and the American government attempted to extend the reach of this economic and political system, even through armed intervention
THIS SET IS OFTEN IN FOLDERS WITH...