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Chapter 8 Test

Terms in this set (73)

Gag Reflex
-this reflex is simulated when food enters the throat without swallowing
Mastication
-also known as chewing
Esophagus
-food is propelled along the esophagus by wave like muscular contractions called peristalsis
Lower Esophageal Sphincter
- cardiac sphincter
- ring like muscle that controls flow
-prevents back flow of stomach contents into esophagus
Rugae
-ridges in the stomach & hard palate
-when stomach fills with food, the rugae stretch & disappear
Chyme
- is a liquidly mixture that is formed when food mixes with hydrochloric acid & gastric juices in the stomach
-semi-fluid mass of partly digested food that passes from the stomach through the pyloric sphincter & into the small intestine
Pyloric Sphincter
- muscle ring that controls the flow from the stomach to the duodenum
-regulates passage of food into duodenum
-only a small amount of chyme can pass throught at a time
-small intestine are much smaller than stomach & cannot hold as much at one time
-chyme is highly acidic & must be neutralized before leaving the stomach
Small Intestine
-small bowel
-major site of digestion & absorption of nutrients from food into blood stream
The 3 parts of small intestine
-duodenum
-jejunum
-illeum
ileocecal Sphincter
-ring like muscle that controls the flow from the ileum of the small intestine to the cecum of the large intestine
Large intestine
-most of this is water & is reabsorbed into the body
-waste products from digestion are processed & then excreted from the anus in solid form, called feces or stool
Cecum
-vermiform appendix hangs off of the cecum
Colon main parts
-ascending
-transverse
-descending
-sigmoid
Rectum
-where feces is stored
Accessory Organs
-each organ is attached to the gut tube by a duct
Liver
-stores excessive glucose or blood sugar as glycogen
-manufactures bile
-secretes bile, which contains enzymes important for the digestion & break down of fats & lipids
Gallbladder
-stores & concentrates bile for later use
-produced by the liver
Pancreas
-secretes pancreatic juices to help with digestion
-secretes insulin to attack or break down sugar
Jaundice
-yellow condition of the skin, mucous membranes & white of eye
Emulsification
-break down of fats & lipids
Cholecysto/o
-gallbladder
Gastric Juices
-contains hydrochloric acid & digestive enzymes
Peristalsis
-moves food downward with a series of wavelike contractions of the smooth muscle
Borborygmus
-a rumbling noise caused by the movement of gas in the intestine
Gastroenterologist
-diagnose & treats diseases & disorders of the stomach & intestines
Proctologist
-specializes in disorders of the colon, rectum, & anus
Herpes Labials
-blister like sores around the lips caused by the herpes simplex 1 virus
-common name: fever blister or cold sore
Cleft Lip
-congenital defect in which in which the upper lip & jaw bone fail to fuse in the midline leaving an open gap or deep fissure of the lip toward the nose
Cleft Palate
-congenital anomoly in which the roof of the mouth has split or fissure, corrected with surgery
Bruxism
-involuntary grinding or clenching of teeth while asleep
Dental Caries
-gradual decay & disintegration of teeth caused by bacteria, may lead to abscessed teeth
-common name: cavity or tooth decay
Gingivitis
-inflammation of the gingiva & gums, the earliest stage if periodontal disease
Halitosis
-bad breath
Dysphagia
-difficulty swallowing
Hiatal Hernia
-protrusion of the stomach through the esophageal sphincter in the diaphragm & extending into thoracic cavity
Gastrorrhagia
-bleeding from the stomach
Ascites
-build up of fluid in the parietal cavity
Anorexia
lack or loss of appetite or food
Pica
-eating disorder in which there is persistent eating of non- nutritional substances such as clay or ice
Achlorhydria
-absence of hydrochloric acid from gastric secretions
Hyperemesis
-excessive vomiting
Regurgitation
-return swallowed food into the mouth
Diverticulitis
-inflammation of one of more of the diverticulum
Crohn's Disease
-chronic autoimmune disorder involving any part of the GI tract
ileus
-temporary stoppage of intestinal peristalsis
Intestinal Adhesions
-parts of the intestine abnormally help together
Intussusception
-telescoping of the intestines into itself, causing an obstruction
Volvulus
-twisting of the intestine into the opening of an immediately adjacent part
Inguinal Hernia
-protrusion of a loop of small intestines in to the inguinal region through a weak spot in the abdominal muscle wall
Hepatic
-pertaining to the liver
Cirrhosis
-progressive degenerative disease if the liver characterized by disturbance of the structure & function of the liver
Hepatorrhagia
-bleeding from liver
Cholecystalgia
-pain in the gallbladder
Cholecystitis
-gallstones
-hard deposit in the bile duct & gallbladder that forms stones
Cholelithiasis
-the presence of gallstones in the gallbladder or bile duct
Anoscopy
-visual examination of the anal canal
Hemoccult
-fecal occult blood test
Antiemetic
-stops/ prevents vomiting
Emetic
-induces vomiting
Esophagoplasty
-surgical repair of the esophagus
Gastroduodenostomy
-removal of the pylorus of the stomach to establish anastomosis between the upper portion of the stomach & the duodenums
Anastomosis
surgical connection between two hollow or tubular structures
Proctopexy
-surgical fixation of the rectum to an adjacent tissue or organ
Gastrostomy
creation of an artificial opening into the stomach
ileostomy
-creation of an opening into or between the ileum & abdominal wall
Colostomy
-creation of an opening into or between the colon & abdominal wall
Colectomy
-surgical removal of the colon, part or all of the colon
Enterocolostomy
-surgically creation of a connection of your small intestine & colon
Hepatectomy
-removal of all or part of the liver
Hepatotomy
-incision into the liver
Hepatorrhaphy
-suturing of the liver
Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy
-surgical removal of the gallbladder using a laparoscope through an incision in the abdominal wall
Fecal Occult Blood Test
-laboratory test on the fevers to determine of microscope amounts go blood present
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