Chapter 13

Terms in this set (10)

Why was Andrew Jackson such a personally powerful embodiment of the new mass democracy in the 1820s and 1830s? Would mass democracy have developed without a popular hero like Jackson?
-gaunt and gusty hero of New Orleans
-Democratic-Republican, "Hail Old Hickory"
"Huzza for Jackson"
-followers presented him as a rough-hewn frontiersmen and a stalwart champion of the common people
-supporters from West and South, emerging states
-first president of the west
-risen from the masses and reflected many prejudices in his personal attitudes and outlook
Why did Calhoun and the South see the Tariff of 1828 as such an "abomination" and raise threats of nullification over it?
-N, high; S, low "Yankee Tariff"
-bustling Northeast was experiencing a boom in manufacturing, the developing west was prospering from rising property values and population, and the energetic Southwest was expanding into virgin cotton lands
-BUT the Old South was falling on hard times~they had to sell their cotton and other farm produce in a world market completely unprotected by tariffs but were forced to buy their manufactured goods in an American market heavily protected by tariffs
-only protected Yankees and middle-state manufacturers
-possible interference with the institution of slavery
(may abolish slavery in the South) (fear of growing federal power)
Discuss the attitudes, policies, and events that led to the "Trail of Tears" Indian removal in 1837.
-white Georgians wanted Cherokee out
-Adams attempted to deal fairly with the Indians
-Jackson's Democrats were committed to western expansion, but that meant confrontation
-Beginning in the 1790s, Washington government recognized the tribes as separate nations and agreed to acquire land from them only through formal treaties.
-Americans erased and redrew treaty lines as they moved west
-Society for Propagating the Gospel Among Indians passed in 1787 to make Indians part of white society
-1808, 1827 Cherokee National Council adopted a written constitution, "5 civilized tribes-Creeks, Choctaws, Chickasaws, and Seminoles
1828, Georgia legislature declared Cherokee tribal council illegal and asserted its own jurisdiction
-President Jackson did not want rights for Indians
-proposed a bodily removal of remaining eastern tribes
-1830, Indian Removal Act
How did Jackson's Bank War demonstrate the powerful uses to which the modern mass democratic political machine could be put? Was Biddle's Bank a real threat to the economic welfare of the ordinary citizens to whom Jackson appealed, or was it more important as a symbol of eastern wealth and elitism?
-Jackson distrusted monopolistic banking and over big business, money monster
-Bank was a private institution, accountable to the elite circle of moneyed investors
-1832, Daniel Webster and Henry Clay passed a bill that renewed the Bank of the charter
-If jackson vetoed it, he will lose the presidency in election by alienating wealthy and influential groups of East
-if he signed it, he will lose western followers
-declared it to unconstitutional: amplified the power of the presidency, found it harmful, a power equivalent to 2/3rds of votes in congress
How did the Panic of 1837 and the subsequent depression reflect the weaknesses of Jackson's economic and financial policies? Why was Martin Van Buren unable to cope with political opposition as Jackson have?
-overspeculation and financial policies
-removed the Bank by getting rid of fund deposits
-p1837, cause was a rampant speculation prompted by a mania of get-rich-quickism
-1836, failure of 2 prominet British banks created tremors, and foreign loans
-panic caused overseas
-cummodity prices dropped, sales of public land fell of, and customs revenues dried the rivulet
-Van Buren's Divorce Bill- independent treasury, government could lock its surplus money in vaults in several of larger cities
-he (a) inherited Jackson's enemies and (b) was brought down by the economic chaos Jackson had begun
Does Andrew Jackson belong in the pantheon of "great" American presidents? Why or why not?
spoil's system-rewarding political supporters with public office
Tariff of 1828~ how he handled South resistance
Andrew Jackson was a Southerner and a large slaveholder, yet he nearly led the U.S. Army to invade and crush South Carolina when that state attempted to nullify and resist a federal law? Why?
- did not permit defiance or disunion
- did not really like the Tariff of 1828
Argue for or against: the "Texas Revolution" against Mexico was more about the expansion of American slavery into the West than it was about the rights of settlers in Mexico.
-1819, Stephen Austin and settlers did not want to follow Mexico's rules: become Mexican citizen and Roman Catholic
-mexico emancipated its slaves in 1830, prohibited the further importation of slaves in Texas
-Texans refused, kept bringing more slaves
-differences led to call for independence, lone star
-issues such as slavery, immigration, and local rights
-come from South and Southwest
-normal and inexorable march of the western movement
-enlarged slavery
What did the two new democratic parties, the Democrats and the Whigs, really stand for? Were they actual ideological opponents, or were their disagreements less important than their shared roots in the new mass democracy?
-institutionalized divisions that had vexed the Revolutionary generation and came to constitute an important part of the nation's checks and balances
-glorified the liberty of the individual and were fiercely guarded on guard against inroads of the privilege into society
-W, trumpeted the natural harmony of society and the value of community, and were willing to use government to realize their objectives; berated their leaders, whose appeals to self-interest fostered conflict among individuals, classes, or sections
-D, clung to states' rights and federal restraint in social and economic affairs, basic doctrines
-W, favor a renewed national bank, protective tariffs, internal improvements, moral reforms
= mass-based, tried deliberately to mobolize as many votes as possible for their cause
-commanded their loyalties of all kinds of Americans, fostered horse-trading compromises within each party that prevented either from assuming radical positions
-separate over slavery
Compare the two-party political system of the 1830s' "New Democracy" with the first two-party system of the early Republic. (See Chapter 10) In what ways were the two systems similar, and in what ways were they different? Were both parties of the 1830s correct in seeing themselves as heirs of the Jeffersonian Republican tradition rather than the Hamiltonian Federalist tradition?
- the deference, apathy, and virtually nonexistent party organizations of the Era of Good Feelings yielded to the boisterous democracy, frenzied vitality, and strong political parties of the Jacksonian Era
-new politicking
-Hamiltonian Federalist were becoming nonexistant
-spoil's system-loyalty over competing claims based on economic class or geographic region
-grew out of Democratic-Republicanism
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