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Church History

Terms in this set (174)

In the first decade of the church it was clear to all Christians that salvation and the church were open to all people (Gentiles) without Jewish legalistic requirements. True or False?

Destruction of the Temple in Jerusalem

The Council of Jerusalem

Year of the "Founding of the City of Rome" (AUC 1)

The Birth of Christ

The Romans during the early church era were staunchly intolerant of other religions. True or False?

Those who reject the three-fold position of "pastor", "elder", and "deacon" maintain that the Greek word "episkopos" and "presbyteros" mean the exact same thing. True or False?

List and describe two contributions of the Greeks to the rise of Christianity and how those contributions helped.

What book did Dionysius Exigus write?

Cyclus Paschalis

What book did Augustine write?

What book did Josephus write?

Jewish Wars; Antiquities

a cult that tried to mimic the elements of Christianity to compete with it

a mystery religion

Flesh and matter=evil; spirit and soul=good

The hermeneutical method that allows any text to mean almost anything

The great Jewish rabbi that trained Paul

An historian who corroborates Christ's existence

The doctrine that church authority was passed from the apostles to the bishops they trained

Apostolic succession

Argued people are responsible for their morality and initiating their salvation because all are born like Adam before the fall.

The place where the term "Christian" was first used.

A cultural contribution of the Romans to the environment enabling the spread of Christianity

peace and vast road system

a contribution of the Jews to the environment enabling the Christianity

philosophy of history and linear time

A non Christian historian who corroborates the existence of Christ

List and explain in the each of the four ways that the early Christian church closed its ranks to protect itself from heretical teaching and persecution? Briefly describe each strategy (about 100 words each).

Neoplatonic philosopher, said all emanates, radiates from the ONE

Acts 11:20 says this is the place the word "Christian" was first used

Antioch (Syria)

Early apologist, appealed to common ground of philosophy, Logos Seed

Issued first official policy in Roman Empire for persecution

"The blood of the martyrs is the seed of the church!"

Head of Alexandrian School, compiled Hexapla and Against Celsus

Seeing a cross in the sky and an "χ" in a dream, and hearing "In this sign you will conquer!" he won the battle of Milvian Bridge, converted, and changed Christianity and western civilization

Schismatics who claimed that baptism is invalidated by bishop's lapse in persecution

Unleashed the worst systematic persecution Christians had endured

The "golden-mouthed" preacher, patriarch of Constantinople

He said that Jesus was "two natures in two persons." Christotokos.

Wrote Cyclus Paschalis that set Christ's birth at 754 A.U.C. which is now called AD1

Dionysius Exiguus

OT God=wrath; NT God=Love, first to set up a short canon of NT

The "father of church history," wrote biography of Constantine.

Eusebius of Caesarea

Heretic who taught that Christ had a body and soul but his spirit was replaced by the Logos

Council of Nicea

Council of Constantinople

Council of Chalcedon

The final fall of Rome and deposing of Romulus Augustus

The first sacking of Rome (by the Visigoths, led by Alaric)

Date when Christianity became the exclusive religion of the Empire by edict

Vandals sacked Rome

of LIKE substance

Each human will is not fallen, but free to choose God's will

"there was when he was not"

Emphasized the unity of God to head off any chance of tri-theism

Christ had two natures and two persons; Mary was not Theotokos

Claimed fresh revelation from God via ecstatic utterances

There is only one God manifested in three manners or modes

Jewish Christians who insisted that all Christians and Jews were still bound to the law of Moses, incl. circumcision.

Claims there exists an eternal dualism of good and evil, light and darkness that will continue forever.

List, explain, and describe the cultural, doctrinal, and political differences between the Eastern and Western Churches. How did these differences lead to their split in the eleventh century? Write a 300 word essay.

Using early critical methods in 1440, he discovered the Donation of Constantine to be forged in the 8th century

The name for those who want to destroy images and their use in religion

This movement placed emphasis on rational justification of Christianity and the systematic presentation of its beliefs, including the integration of Aristotelian philosophy.

A first century mystery religion popular with Roman soldiers

"I believe in order to understand" This view holds to the relationship of faith seeking understanding

Credo ut intelligam

He said Mary was 'Christokos" not "Theotokos" (mother of Christ, not mother of God). He also said that Jesus was "two natures in two persons"

Satisfaction theory of the atonement; objective atonement

He argued people are responsible for their morality and initiating their salvation because all are born neutral to sin, like Adam before the fall.

Guilty of launching the crusade to kill the Albiginsian heretics in 1209, the 4th crusade, he was the most powerful pope in history.

Moral influence theory of the atonement; subjective view

Known as the "Hammerer," he defeated the Islamic Moors at Tours, France, & saved W. Europe

He started the Irish church

He wrote the book, "Of the Body and Blood of the Lord" which taught transubstantiation.

Paschasius Radbertus

Early apologist, said the logos spermatikos, or truth, was universally present for all to observe

Monastic practice of denying the flesh any pleasure and inflicting pain

Transubstantiation became official Christian doctrine here, though it had been believed for many centuries

Fourth Lateran Council, 1215

The two general curricula in medieval schools that led to the rise of universities

Trivium and quadrivium

He issued "Unam Sanctum," a bull claiming sweeping power just as the papacy was falling into subjugation

A neo-Manichean heretical group slaughtered by the Pope Innocent III in Southern France; they believed in a dualism of Good and Evil. aka: the Cathari

Political organization based on land possession for military service

The Doctrine of Apostolic Succession and Petrine Supremacy

Prince of Humanists, the chief leader of the religious humanists in northern Europe. Compiled the first Greek Knew Testament

Erasmus of Rotterdam

Dominicans, Franciscians

mendicant of friars

Ockham--universals are just names

Charlemagne made the first attempt to revive the Western Roman Empire after its fall. True or False?

Feudalism may be defined as a system of political organization based on possession of land for which one gave military services to the lord. True or False?

Because the men of the Renaissance deeply respected the Medieval period they called them Middle Ages deeming them as a vital link and conduit to ancient sources of wisdom. True or False?

The Babylonian Captivity of the Papacy

Crowning of Charlemagne as Emperor of Holy Roman Empire by Pope Leo III

Beginning of Islam (starting year of Muslim calendar)

Synod of Whitby, gave Rom. Cath. dominance in England

The Schism between the Eastern and Western church

King Recared of the Visgoths became orthodox Christian

Fall of Constantinople to the Turks-end of Byzantine Empire

The three main branches of Scholasticism were realism, moderate realism, and nominalism. Explain each one briefly.

The primary motive of the Crusades was religious. True or False?

Renaissance men deeply respected the medieval period, deeming them a vital link and conduit to ancient sources of wisdom. True or False?

The Black Death (or The Plague)

Crusades are launched by Urban II's sermon at the Council of Clermont. Crusades continue for two centuries

Martel, the Hammer, defeats Muslims at Tours

The first sacking of Rome (by the Visigoths, led by Alaric)

Crusades end in ignominy, Kingdom of Acre falls

Fall of Constantinople to the Muslim Seljuk Turks. End of Byzantine Empire

Crowning of Charlemagne as Emperor of Holy Roman Empire by Pope Leo III

The Babylonian Captivity of the Papacy

The Schism between the Eastern and Western church

During the Renaissance there was a revival of study of the Bible in the original languages. True or False?

Constantinople's fall caused many scholars to flee west, boosting the Renaissance. True or False?

Mysticism tended to minimize doctrine and scripture and emphasize subjectivism, emotions, and intuitions. True or False?

The French and German states emerged from the Carolingian empire. True or False?

Primitive Christians (the first generation) did not believe they were following a new religion during the first decade of Christianity, but believed they were following a new form of Judaism. True or False?

The Crusades boosted feudalism and thwarted the rise of a middle class economy. True or False?

Imitation of Christ

Thomas à Kempis

The Last Supper

Leonardo da Vinci

Nicolo Machiavelli

Donation of Constantine

Forged by unknown person

Cur Deus Homo; Proslogion

Anselm of Canturbury

Novum Instrumentum Omne, 1516

Erasmus of Rotterdam

Summa Theologiae

Mary Tudor, trying to restore Catholicism to England, burned these famous English martyrs

Hugh Latimer, Nicolas Ridley
Jansenists,

Tried to reform Calvinistic theology, denied its central tenets such as total depravity

Emperor of Germany who opposed the Luther and the German Reformation

Excommunicated Luther in 1520, causing the final split creating Protestantism

group that splintered from the Swiss Reformation; held to believer's baptism

Wrote Teatise of the Laws of Ecclesiastical Polity, taught the divine right of kings.

Luther's spiritual mentor and the vicar-general of his Augustinian Order

Johann Staupitz

Dutch Renaissance scholar Catholic theologian who sought to revive classical texts from antiquity, restore simple Christian faith based on Scripture, and eradicate the improprieties of the medieval Church. His works include The Manual of the Christian Knight (1503) and The Praise of Folly (1509).

Desiderius Erasmus

Key Lutheran leader who picked up the movement after Martin Luther died

Philip Melachthon

Literally "whose realm, his religion" policy allowing temporal rulers to pick the religion of his realm

Cuius regio, eius religio

key leader of the Prot. Reform. in Switzerland; opposed Anabaptist beginnings

the, infamous, and ignominious first Grand Inquisitor of the Spanish Inquisition

Thomas Torquemada

Catholic group that held to Augustinian theology of sin and grace; opposed Jesuits

Founder of the Society of Jesuits; wrote Spiritual Exercises
Early Anabaptist leader, burned at the stake; his wife drowned in Danube by RCC
- Baltasar Hubmaier, The agent for the Archbishop Albert who sold indulgences for all sins forever
- Johann Tetzel, Adopted a via-media between Catholicism and Protestantism, a shrewd leader
- Elizabeth I, Changed the name of Anabaptists to Brethren and gave solid leadership in Netherlands
- Menno Simons

Ignatius Loyola

Archbishop of Canterbury, architect of Henry VIII's break from Rome so he could marry Anne Bolyn

Early Anabaptist leader, burned at the stake; his wife drowned in Danube by RCC

Baltasar Hubmaier

The agent for the Archbishop Albert who sold indulgences for all sins forever

Adopted a via-media between Catholicism and Protestantism, a shrewd leader

Changed the name of Anabaptists to Brethren and gave solid leadership in Netherlands

Defeat of Phillip II's Spanish Armada and the triumph of Protestantism in England

Beginning of Protestant Reformation

Magellan completes first circumnavigation of the world

Luther appears before the Diet of Worms

Act of Supremacy, made Henry VIII head of Anglican church

Vasco de Gama discovers navigable routes from Portugal to India

The Council of Trent begins

Saint Bartholomew's Day Massacre of French Hugenots

The German prince who protected and promoted Luther
Scripture.

Frederick, elector of Saxony

Founder of Jesuits, Society of Jesus, a high powered order to force RCC on the world

Ignatius Loyola

Spanish monarch, married Mary Tutor, launched Spanish Armada to crush Elizabeth

Led by Jan Matthys and John Leyden, who tried to implement radical violent reforms

Munster Rebellion

Tried to reform the RCC by attacking the sacramental system of salvation

United Scotland and England in one crown, Protestant, but not Presbyterian reforms

The bread and wine change into Christ's flesh and blood, but don't change appearances

Transubstantiation

Earliest leader of Anabaptists, taught believer's baptism, separation of church/state

Dutch, sought to reform hyper-Calvinism; Synod of Dort 1618 rejected his ideas

Jacobus Arminius

Protestants in France who underwent severe persecution in 17 and 18 centuries

First Baptists in England, General Baptists, practiced believer's baptism in 1608

John Smyth, Thomas Helwys

"monstrous regent" thwarted the Protestant reforms of Knox and Presbyterianism

Mary Stuart, Queen of Scots

Daughter of Catherine of Aragon/staunch Catholic, tried to restore Eng to RCC for 5 yrs

Mary Tudor "Bloody Mary"

In reforming the church this principle says one can practice things that are not prohibited by Scripture

Normative principle

Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy, 1687

Freedom of the Will

In Praise of Folly

Provincial Letters, Pensees

"Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God"

Reformation Without Tarrying for Anie,

Philip Jacob Spener

Critique of Pure Reason (1781),

The First Blast of the Trumpet Against the Monstrous Regiment of Women

Institutes of the Christian Religion

Second Treatise On Government

Of Plymouth Plantation

William Bradford

Spiritual Exercises

Ignatius Loyola

Bondage of the Will

Novum Organum, 1620

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