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Psych Questions

Terms in this set (78)

Which is the most accurate regarding the human need for affiliation?
People are motivated to maintain an optimum balance of time alone and social contact
Though they had been togeter on the transcontinental flight for three hours, the passengers didnt start to talk to one another until the plane ran into some serious turbulence. This behavior is best explained by the?
Tendency for external threat to increase affiliation
According to the relevant research, who of the following is likely to be the loneliest?
Jose, who is an adolescent
According to your textbook, the single best predictor of whether two people will get together is?
Physical proximity
Mita et al. (1977) found that female college students preferred their own mirror image to their actual appearance. This finding is consistent with?
Mere exposure effect
Lee and colleagues ran a study in which they examined people's ratings of photos on the website HOTorNOT.com. They found that participants own level of attractiveness?
Did not predict their ratings of the photos
Which of the following is NOT a reason why we seem to be more attracted to average faces?
They look unusual
Snyder and colleagues ran a study in which mixed-gender pairs had a phone conversation. Male participants were given either attractive or unattractive photos of their conversation partner. Which of the following statements about the study findings is false?
The outcome of the conversation was more influenced by woman's actual level of attractiveness than by how attractive the men believed the women to be
Which best reflects the benefits and cost of being attractive?
While attractiveness often brings a social advantage to attractive individuals, it can cause them to doubt the sincerity of others' praise for their work
Popular wisdom is often contradictory, as with the following two sayings: 1) "opposites attract" and 2) "birds of a feather flock together". Research of the relationship between similarity and liking suggests that?
#2 is more accurate; people tend to be more attracted to those who are similar to themselves
Walster et al. (1966) randomly matched students for a dance. At the end of the evening, students indicated how satisfied they were with their dates. The strongest predictor of satisfaction was?
Physical attractiveness
Pinel and colleagues (2006) refer to "I-sharing" as an important form of similarity whereby individuals share?
Subjective experience
Wegner and colleagues (1994) conducted a study in which mixed-gender foursomes played a card game. Some couples were instructed to play "footsie" secretly under the table, some were instructed to do so out in the open, and others were not told to do anything at all. Findings indicated that participants reported being most attracted to their partner when?
They played "footsie" in secret
Eastwick and Finkel (2008) examined men's and women's preferences during a speed dating event. They found significant gender differences in what men and women reported as important mate characteristics before the event began—differences that _________ once they actually started interacting with the potential mates at the event.
Disappeared
Who is more likely to value physical attractiveness in a potential male partner?
A woman who is fantastically welthy
Bruce and Pam have just started dating. According to social exchange theory, their relationship is likely to last longer and be more satisfying if they each feel that?
The rewards gained from the relationship are greater than the costs of maintaining the relationship
Zachary is unhappy in his relationship and is trying to decide whether to break up with his girlfriend. Which of the following factors might encourage him to stay?
If his investment is high
In their relationship, Clyde is concerned with maintaining an equal ratio of rewards and costs, whereas Bonnie is concerned with being responsive to Clyde's needs. Clyde views their relationship as a(n) ______ relationship, whereas Bonnie views it as a(n) ______ relationship.
Exchange; communal
According to Sternberg's triangular theory of love, the basic components of love are?
Intimacy, passion, and committment
. Bruno just finished working out at the gym. On his way to the locker room, he passes Charmaigne, a very pretty woman. Bruno feels his heart pounding and is convinced that he must be in love with Charmaigne. Bruno's feelings are best explained by?
Excitation transfer
When they first started dating, Norma and Nathan didn't share much about themselves with one another, but as their relationship developed, they began to talk more about personal issues and reveal more about themselves. Their behavior is most consistent with the predictions of?
Social penetration theory
In India and China, love is?
Not a sufficient basis for marriage
Which of the following conclusions is NOT supported by data?
Woman do not engage in casual sex without emotional commitment
Survey research regarding adults' life histories reveals that homosexuals are more likely than heterosexuals to have been?
None of these
Gay couples tend to ________ than straight couples?
Divide household chores more evenly and retain relationships with former sex partners more.
Carly hurls an insult right back at James when James expresses his negative feelings toward her. Such a pattern illustrates?
Negative affect reciprocity
The evolutionary principle of kin selection dictates that we are more likely to help someone who is?
Genetically similar to us
Kelli always tries to be very helpful because she believes it increases her chances of receiving help at a future time. Kelli's thinking most closely reflects the concept of ?
Reciprocal alturism
When Jo witnessed a serious plane crash, she felt compassion, sympathy, and tenderness for the victims. Her feelings are indicative of?
Empathetic concern
Which hormone has been implicated by neuroscientists in empathy and prosocial behaviors?
Oxytocin
The negative state relief model of helping behavior?
Identifies yet another way in which helping can be egotistic
Research by Rilling et al. (2002) suggests that ________ behavior is linked to activation of the brain in areas associated with processing rewards.
Mutually cooperative
"Good Samaritan" laws?
All of these
According to the empathy-altruism hypothesis, altruistic behavior is primarily the result of?
Taking another's perspective
The empathy-altruism model suggests that when escape from a situation is easy, people will?
Offer help only when they have empathic concerns
Research by Omoto and Snyder (1995) found that volunteers who decided to help AIDS victims had _____ service if their motives were _____.
Longer; self-oriented
Which of the following is not one of the five steps to helping proposed by Latané and Darley (1970)?
Invoke the norm of reciprosity
Dewanto hears what sounds like gunshots coming from the school parking lot. None of his classmates appears concerned, so Dewanto assumes that they know the sound was only a car backfiring or someone playing with firecrackers. Dewanto's beliefs illustrate?
Pluralistic ignorance
The belief that others will or should take the responsibility for providing assistance to a person in need is called?
Diffusion of responsibility
According to Latané and Darley's (1970) five-step model of helping, analysis of costs and rewards occurs at what step??
Providing help
Darley and Batson (1973) found that the helping behavior of seminary students was best predicted by?
How much time they need
As she is about to walk into the grocery store, Melissa sees a woman struggling with her groceries. Melissa is most likely to help this woman if?
Melissa feels guilty about having parked in a handicapped space
Which social norm suggests that people who are fairly well-off in life should use their position to help those who are in need?
Norm of equity
Kevin asks Winnie to drive him to the airport. Though Winnie doesn't really want to, she agrees because Kevin loaned her money last week. Winnie agreed to help because of the norm of?
Reciprocity
Which of the following combinations of traits has been shown to be essential to helping?
Empathy and advanced moral reasoning
Manny needs help, and Pedro is capable of giving it. Pedro is more likely to help if he?
Has a shared identity with Manny
Some cross-racial helping is not truly altruistic because it can be a sign of?
Feelings of superiority over the person being helped
Whether or not someone seems responsible for her own predicament is more influential on helping behavior?
In individualistic cultures
The defining characteristic of aggression is that the aggressor?
Intends to injure another living being
Proactive is the same as _____ aggression, while reactive is the same as _____ aggression.
Instrumental; emotional
When Katie found out that her brother Matt had pulled the heads off all of her Barbie dolls, she threw her Easy Bake oven at him. Katie's behavior illustrates?
Reactive aggression
One form of violence that seems to be fairly consistent across cultures is?
Bullying
Based on Bonta's (1997) research on nonviolent societies, a powerful way to reduce violence within a society would be to
Promote cooperation
The relatively greater violence rates in the southern United States has been attributed to
The manner in which residents of the South respond to status threats
Though women are more likely than men to aggress in an intimate relationship, men's aggression in such relationships differs in that it typically
Has more severe consequences
Regarding self-esteem and aggression, which of the following is false?
Low self-esteem is a good predictor of aggression
The finding that male-to-male violence occurs primarily in response to status challenges, but male-to-female violence occurs primarily in response to sexual jealousy, supports the?
Evolutionary perspective on aggression
Research concerning the role of testosterone in aggression has demonstrated that
Acts of aggresion may increase levels of testosterone
According to research on the role of the brain and executive function in predicting aggressive tendencies, when very aggressive teenagers witnessed a situation in which someone intentionally inflicted pain on another person, they exhibited brain activity associated with?
Experiencing rewards
Gershoff's (2002) analysis of studies with over 36,000 participants indicates a positive correlation between corporal punishment and
Al of these
Ira believes that aggression is an acquired tendency picked up by observing others and by experience with rewards and punishments. Ira's beliefs are most consistent with
Social Learning theory
Aggressive models teach aggressive behavior by all of the following except
Increasing the frustration experienced by observers
Ethan has been released from jail in the United States and is applying for jobs in the South and the Northeast. Ethan is probably more likely to land interviews in the South than in the Northeast if he was in jail for
Murdering a person who taunted him in public about an affair with his wife
When his wife tells him that he cannot go out bowling with the guys, Homer gets mad and throttles his son, Bart. Homer's behavior is an example of
Displacement
A reduction of the motive to aggress that is said to result from any imagined, observed, or actual act of aggression is called
Catharsis
The concept of catharsis has been undermined by findings suggesting that engaging in or witnessing aggression often
Increases aggression
According to Berkowitz's (1989) revision of frustration-aggression theory, aggression is a response to
Negative emotions
According to research on school shooters, which of the following is most likely to increase a person's aggressive response?
Social rejection
Who should be least likely to aggress?
Someone who has just watched a funny cartoon
The idea that arousal created by one stimulus can intensify an individual's emotional response to another stimulus is called
Excitation transfer
When exposed to situational cues, such as the presence of a gun, people tend to
Have automatic cognitions regarding aggression
When Paulie accidentally bumps into Christopher, causing Christopher to spill his coffee, Christopher assumes that Paulie's behavior was deliberately intended to make him spill his coffee. He responds by yelling obscenities at Paulie. Christopher could be described as?
Having a hostile attribution bias
Research investigating the relationship between alcohol and aggression has shown that
Intoxicated people are likely to base their aggressive responses on initial, salient information about a situation and fail to recognize later, subtle cues
Research on the link between media violence and aggression has demonstrated that
All forms of medial violence appear to increase the likelihood of aggressive bahavior
When Mina first started playing the new Blood Bath Beach Party video game, the extremely violent images made her cringe. Now she has played the game so many times that she barely even notices such images. This illustrates
Desensitation
Rudolph is viewing some nonviolent pornography. In which of the following conditions is Rudolph most likely to show greater subsequent levels of aggression?
When he is angry
Pinker (2011) studied the prevalence of aggression across centuries. He found that
Aggression has decreased over time
One of the most successful treatments for violent juvenile delinquents is called
Multisystemic therapy
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