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phys

Terms in this set (50)

Beriberi cause? effect?
lack of thiamine can't use nutrients leads to VD decreased TPR, high CO
Most diseases that result in high CO occur due to chronic decrease in what?
TPR..... normally something in them causes VD which leads to TPR deficient
Arterivenous fistula (shunt)
caused by direct opening between artery and a vein. decrease TPR due to blood returning without going full circuit. High CO
Hyperthyroidism
Causes increased oxygen use. VD drop in TPR increase CO
CO curve plateau increase or decrease with up SYMP
increase
CO curve plateau increase or decrease with decreased para symp?
decrease
CO curve plateau increase or decrease with cardiac hypertrophy?
increase
CO curve plateau increase or decrease with MI
decrease
CO curve plateau increase or decrease with valvular disease stenosis or insufficient valve?
decrease
venous return what formula?
sum of all local blood flow
An increase in TPR does what to CO?
decreases...
anemia cause? effect?
lack of RBC's means that you have lack of 02 so VD and lack of RBC lowers TPR further thus increased CO
Mi, valvular disease, cardiac tamponade effect CO how?
Low CO
periferphal factors such as obstruction of large vein, acute venous dilation do what to CO?
Low CO
cardiac tamponade doe what to the CO curve? what to the venous curve?
CO goes to the right AND rotates it downward to a degree depending on ant of fluid in pericardial sac.
surgical opening of chest does what to CO/Ven curve?
CO shifts to the right
whats the key idea to all CO shifts with thoracic pressure changes?
you shift the curve the same amount that the pressure changed to either rise above it or drop down too it. -4 goes to -6 left shift of CVP from normal 0 to -2......
normal right atrial pressure? MSFP? CO? VR?
Right atrial normal 0. MSFP= 7, CO = 5L at rest normal plateau max without any stim 13L, VR= CO
VR complicated formula?
VR= MSFP/ RVR RVR is 1.4 in a healthy person think its similar or analogous to TPR
Most of your resistance to Venous return occurs where? why?
in your veins especially large ones because they can shrink down and thus decrease flow while at same time since so elastic don't build up much pressure to counter it.
Max simp out put can do what to CO level? change to right atrial pressure? plateau?
can double cardiac output
amputation of limbs does what to CO? why?
decreased CO because CO= MAP/TPR and TPR would increase since less area and since done in parallel would increase resistance. also think less CO would be needed wouldn't need to circulate as much blood.
pulmonary disease does what to CO ?
increase... would have decrease 02 so vessels dilate and get more blood flow around via increase CO and less TPR
When cardiac output and VR are equal to zero what has happened?
MSFP = RAP
normal right atrial pressure?
2?
increased symp tone to peripheral can give how much extra blood flow through skeletal muscle during exercise? raise blood pressure how high?
2L min
170 bp
in exercise what part of curves move why?
have both venous and cardiac move... cardiac from simp tone on heart. venous full shift right because have massive increase in MSFP from veno construction,,,, and increased crushing of veins by muscle to send up more blood.
exercise what happens to RAP in healthy?
barely moves to right in super healthy may even decrease... in sick would increase greatly!
What group of the general population almost all have some coronary impairment?
ELDERLY
what percent of blood coronary get at rest ml?
225 5%
when is blood flow greatest in left coronary artery? diastole or systole?
Diastole!@! opp of rest body gets compressed!@!
During and Mi what area of heart most likely to damage first?
subendocardial on the left ...... needs most 02 and gets compressed in systole
when what percent of left ventrical has an MI is cardiac shock almost a guarantee?
40% 70% die
which major artery no sympathetic control?
aorta....
in antisaitory response to exercise what happens to vessels in skin?
vasoconstrict no need to lose heat yet
symp tone can change msfp from 7 to what level?
12 -14
KNOW --- at rest coronary BF is what? in ml?
70ml/min
coronary increase during exercise?
3-4 fold
compensated heart failure?
happens when hear failure is occurring but it was mild and body adjust increase in RAP to keep CO normal at rest!~! but the person has decreased cardiac reserve and will show full heart failure when exercising!!@ old people!@!!@
so mild to high RAS but normal CO signal of what?
compensated heart failure
in ability of CO to meet demands to nesicary for the kidneys to excrete normal amt of urine is hallmark of what?
decompensated heart failure....keep holding more and more fluid to try to correct get worse and worse edema but can never get enough to correct.
how to correct decompensated heart failure?
must give digitalis or something that will increase the str of heart so that it can pump above level needed to reset the kidneys excretion level... also administer diuretic
hallmark of left sided heart failure?
pulmonary edema.... right heart still good pumps ton of blood in then gets dammed up in lung since left vent slow
ANP atrial natruretic pepitide? when is it released? what does it do?
released in heart failure due to excessive stretch and damage to atrial muscle. It cause kidneys to EXCRETE fluid to fight extreme congestive symptoms.
Do you see peripheral edema in acute heart failure and long term or just in one?
ONLY in long term... can see PULMONARY edema in Acute left sided heart failure...
in severe acute cardiac failure what happens to capillary pressure?
decrease!!@ opp of what would cause anemia explains why RAP goes up too
In long term cardiac failure what happens to capillary pressure?
It increases!@ due to extra fluid from kidneys. Thus you see edema of peril
in heart failure what happens to CO?
it is always depressed low right...
what is major hallmark on graph of the body trying to fix heart failures drop in CO?
A gradually increasing RAP that is trying to keep CO up at normal level as the heart progressively fails.. eventually in decamp RAP = MSFP and no more flow....
what happens to MSFP in cardiac failure?
it progressively moves right due to more and more fluid build up via kidneys..
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