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Social Psych Test 4

Terms in this set (31)

prosocial behavior
any act performed with the goal of benefiting another person
altruism
the desire to help another person even if it involves a cost to the helper
kin selection
the idea that behavior that helps a genetic relative are favored by natural selection.
ensures that genetic relatives have children
norm of reciprocity
the expectation that helping others will increase the liklihood that they will help you in the future
group selection
natural selection may occur operate and group level
selfless vs. selfish community
Social exchange theory of altuism
our actions stem from our desire to max rewards and minimize costs
empathy
the ability to put oneself in the shoes of another person and to experience events and emotions the way that person experiences them
empathy-altruism hypothesis
the idea that when we feel empathy for a person, we will attempt to help that person for purely altruistic reason, regardless of what we have to gain
altruistic personalities
the qualities that cause an individual to help others in a whole variety of situations
chivalrous and heroic
males are more likely to be
nurturing and caring
females are more likely to be
in-group
the group with which an individual identifies as a member
out-group
any group with which any individual does not identify
urban overload hypothesis
the theory that people living in cities are constantly bombarded with stimulations and that they keep to themselves to avoid being overwhelmed by it
residential mobility
people who have lived in the same place for a long time are more likely to exhibit prosocial behavior
bystander effect
the greater the number of bystanders who witness an emergency, the less likely anyone is to help
pluralistic ignorance
the case in which people think that everyone else is interpreting a situation in a certain way, when in face they are not
diffusion of responsibility
the phenomenon wherein each bystander's sense of responsibility to help decreases as the number of witnesses increase
WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS NOT A WAY IN WHICH
EVOLUTIONARY THEORY EXPLAINS PROSOCIAL BEHAVIOR?
A. KIN SELECTION
B. SOCIAL EXCHANGE
C. THE RECIPROCITY NORM
D. GROUP SELECTION
B. Social exchange
WHICH OF THE THREE IS NOT A MOTIVATION WE
HAVE DESCRIBED FOR PROSOCIAL BEHAVIOR?
A. PASSING ON GENES
B. MAXIMIZING REWARDS,
MINIMIZING COSTS
C. INCREASED FEELINGS OF
EMPATHY
D. BECAUSE IT'S THE RIGHT
THING TO DO
D. Because its the right thing to do.
aggression
internal behavior aimed at causing physical harm or psychological pain to another person.
hostile aggression
aggression stemmed from feelings of anger and aimed at inflicting pain or injury
instrumental aggression
aggression as means to some goal other than causing pain
Evolutionary argument to aggression
men are more physically aggressive to establish dominance over other males and create sexual jealousy
Cultural argument to aggression
we can choose how, when and where we express anger.
learned and depends on circumstance and culture
relational aggression
harming another person through the manipulation of relationships
frustration-aggression theory
the theory that frustration increases the probability of an aggressive response
the closer to the goal, the more frustrated
aggressive stimuli
an object that is associated with aggressive responses (a gun) and whose mere presence can increase the probability of anger
social learning theory
the theory that people learn social behavior in a large part by observing others and imitating them
catharsis
letting out steam
provokes more aggression
prejudice
a hostile or negative attitude toward people in a distinguishable group, based soley on their membership on a group
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