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HAP 4.2

Terms in this set (97)

aponeurosis
A large broad sheet of connective tissue, such as on the abdomen, is called a/an _____.
endomysium
The membrane that is the closest to the individual muscle fiber is the _____.
fascicle
A group of skeletal muscle fibers is called a/an _____.
tendon
The structure that connects muscles to bones is the _____.
myosin
The main force of contraction occurs when actin forms a chemical complex with _____.
myosin
When a muscle is at rest, which of the following is not associated chemically with the others?
A) actin
B) myosin
C) troponin
D) tropomyosin
troponin
During the contraction of a sarcomere, calcium ions bind with the protein _____.
acetylcholine
The main neurotransmitter involved in skeletal muscle contraction is _____.
ATP
Which molecule directly supplies energy to myosin to allow the filaments to contract?
intercalated disks
The presence of _____ allow cardiac muscle fibers to transmit impulses faster among themselves.
prime mover
The muscle is called the _____ when it is causing the movement that is being described.
synergists
Muscles that act together to cause the same movements are called _____.
points of attachment
The sternocleidomastoid muscle was named because of its _____.
epicranius
The _____ muscle forms a broad flat sheet on top of the head.
buccinator
Which muscle lines most of the inner cheek wall?
deltoid
The _____ is a common intramuscular injection site, which flexes the shoulder or extends the arm.
pectoralis major
Which triangular thoracic muscle causes the arms to move towards the midline?
brachialis
A synergist with the biceps brachii is the _____.
radius
The pronator teres inserts on the _____.
extensor carpi ulnaris
The following belong together except which one?
A) flexor carpi radialis
B) palmaris longus
C) flexor digitorum profundus
D) extensor carpi ulnaris
deep fascia
The fibers of a muscle that are connected to the overlying skin fibers is the _____.
fibers
The muscle cells within a group such as the biceps brachii are individually called _____.
sacroplasmic reticulum
Which of the following does NOT belong with the others?
A) myofilament
B) myosin
C) sarcoplasmic reticulum
D) actin
actin
The I bands in a sarcomere are made of _____.
H
The _____ zone contains only myosin and is in the center of a sarcomere.
sarcoplasmic reticulum
The cisternae are enlarged portions of the _____.
myoneural junction
The gap between the muscle and a nerve is the _____.
a neurotransmitter
The chemical that crosses a neuromuscular gap is _____.
motor unit
The combination of a neuron and the muscle fiber it associates with is called a/an _____.
myosin
The most abundant of the muscle proteins is _____.
creatine phosphate
What is the most abundant storage form of energy within a muscle fiber?
catalyzes the formation of creatine phosphate
What effect does creatine phosphokinase have on muscle activity?
glycogen
How is excess sugar stored within muscle fibers?
myoglobin
Which main factor allows muscle to sustain contraction even during times when the blood supply is low?
myoglobin
The reddish brown color of muscle is due to the presence of _____ molecules.
lactate
Which molecule is produced during exercise, resulting in the oxygen debt?
relatively large supply of myoglobin
Which of the following does NOT belong with the others?
A) white muscles
B) fast-contracting
C) extensive sarcoplasmic reticulum
D) relatively large supply of myoglobin
75
About _____% of ATP energy becomes liberated as heat from muscle metabolism.
threshold
The minimum stimulus needed to cause a contraction is called the _____.
twitch
A single contraction of a muscle is called a ______.
refractory period
The period of time in which a muscle will not respond to a stimulus is called the _____.
tetanic contraction
The complete contraction of a muscle, without the ability to relax, is called _____.
tonus
The constant contraction of a percentage of fibers within a muscle is referred to as _____.
isometric
Contractions called _____ occur whenever the forces applied to a muscle are increased, but the muscle does not appear to be moving.
skeletal
Which of the following muscles always requires nerve impulses in order to contract?
A) multi-unit smooth
B) skeletal
C) visceral smooth
D) cardiac
multi-unit smooth
Which type of muscle is found in the wall of blood vessels?
peristalsis
Since smooth muscle fibers have rhythmicity and can stimulate each other, they contract in a pattern called _____.
atrophy
The degeneration of muscle fibers caused by a lack of proper stimulation and usage is called _____.
calmodulin
In smooth muscle, calcium ions combine with _____ to allow the actin and myosin cross-bridges to form.
zygomatic
Which muscle causes smiling and is attached to the corners of the lips?
platysma
The _____ is the broad flat muscle on the neck, which causes frowning.
masseter
A condition called temporomandibular syndrome can be caused by contraction of the _____.
digastric
The following muscles belong together except which one?
A) masseter
B) pterygoid
C) temporalis
D) digastric
splenius capitis
The antagonist of the sternocleidomastoid is the _____.
trapezius
The triangular shaped muscle on the back that rotates the shoulder is the _____
levator scapulae
The _____ muscle acts to elevate the shoulders.
rhomboideus
Adduction of the scapulae in a posterior view is mainly accomplished by the _____.
pectoralis minor
The _____ will move the shoulders on a forward plane.
pectoralis major
An antagonist of the teres major is the _____.
deltoid
The _____ is a common intramuscular injection site, which flexes the shoulder or extends the arm.
pectoralis major
Which triangular thoracic muscle causes the arms to move towards the midline?
brachialis
A synergist with the biceps brachii is the _____.
radius
The pronator teres inserts on the _____.
extensor carpi ulnaris
The following belong together except which one?
A) flexor carpi radialis
B) palmaris longus
C) flexor digitorum profundus
D) extensor carpi ulnaris
rectus abdominis
Which of the following does not belong with the rest?
A) external oblique
B) transversus abdominis
C) internal oblique
D) rectus abdominis
coccygeus
The following can be grouped together except which one?
A) coccygeus
B) sphincter urethrae
C) bulbospongiosus
D) ischiocavernosus
gluteus maximus
The psoas major is the antagonist to the _____.
tensor fasciae latae
The _____ muscle attaches to a long band of tendon which runs down the lateral aspect of the leg.
sartorius
The _____ muscle causes one to cross the leg by adducting the thigh and flexing the lower leg.
sartorius
Which muscle runs from the anterior superior iliac spine to the medial tibial surface near the patella?
sartorius
Which of the following does NOT belong with the others?
A) semimembranosus
B) biceps femoris
C) sartorius
D) semitendinosus
biceps femoris
Which of these does NOT belong with the others?
A) vastus intermedius
B) rectus femoris
C) vastus medialis
D) biceps femoris
soleus
The following cause dorsiflexion of the foot except which one?
A) extensor digitorum longus
B) soleus
C) tibialis anterior
D) peroneus tertius
gastrocnemius
Which of the following is attached to the calcaneus?
A) gastrocnemius
B) tibialis posterior
C) peroneus longus
D) peroneus tertius
tibialis anterior
The _____ is inserted on the base of the first metatarsal.
fibrillation
Spontaneous contraction of random groups of muscles is called _____.
myasthenia gravis
A disease which results in muscle weakness because of abnormal neuromuscular junction activity is _____.
myotonia
Which of the following refers to a prolonged muscular spasm?
A) myotonia
B) paresis
C) myalgia
D) contracture
perimysium
The layer of connective tissue that separates the muscle tissue into small sections is called the ______________.
one Z line to the next Z line
The segment of a myofibril that is called a sarcomere runs from _______________.
transverse (T) tubules
The ______________ are an invagination of the muscle cell's sarcolemma.
synaptic cleft
Into what does the neuron release its neurotransmitter at the neuromuscular junction?
a motor neuron and the muscle fibers it innervates
A motor unit is made up of _______________.
myosin myofilaments
The crossbridges involved in muscle contraction are located on the ________________.
the cross bridges bind to the actin and shorten the sarcomeres
Which of these statements is correct regarding skeletal muscle contraction?
A) All motor units act together.
B) Muscle contraction continues for long periods after nervous stimulation ceases.
C) The crossbridges bind to the actin and shorten the sarcomeres.
D) Dystrophin is not needed to strengthen the contracting muscle cell
multiunit smooth muscle
The type of muscle found in the irises of the eyes and in the blood vessels is called _______________.
Extracellular calcium partially controls the strength (and length) of contraction.
Why can cardiac muscle fibers contract for longer periods than skeletal muscle fibers?
orbicularis oculi
Which muscle enables you to pucker your lips for a kiss?
rhomboideus major
The muscle that enables you to elevate and adduct your scapula is the ____________.
biceps brachii
Which muscle is the strongest flexor of the elbow?
semitendinosus
The biceps femoris is one hamstring muscle located on the back of the thigh. Which muscle is another hamstring?
involuntary
Which of the following does NOT belong with the others?
A) multinucleated
B) skeletal
C) striated
D) involuntary
actin
Which term is the smallest subdivision in this group?
A) fiber
B) fibril
C) filament
D) actin
atrophy
Muscles that are NOT used, may degenerate or undergo a process of _____.
synergists
Muscles that act to cause similar movements are called _____.
trapezius
The triangle shaped muscle which antagonizes the sternocleidomastoid is the _____.
brachialis
The antagonist to the triceps brachii is the _____.
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