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- Golden Age: 480-430 B.C.
- Philosophy: Moderation in all
- Most famous work: "Winged Victory"
- Most famous building: Parthenon
- Characteristic form: Male nude
- Signature city: Athens
- Major contributions: Democracy, individualism, reason
Greek Art Styles:
- Geometric Art: pottery ornamented with geometric banding and friezes of simplified animals and humans
- Archaic Art: includes kouros stone figures and vase painting
- Kouros: earliest free-standing statues of human figures; frontal stance, left foot forward, clenched fists, grimace known as "Archaic Smile"
- Severe Style: early phase of Classical sculpture characterized by reserved, remote expressions
- Classical Art: peak of Greek art and architecture, idealized figures exemplify order and harmony
- Hellenistic Art: Greek-derived style, found in Asia minor, Mesopotamia, Egypt; more melodramatic than Classical style
- Prefered Structure: Temples to glorify gods
- Walls: Made of cut stone blocks
- Trademark forms: Rectangles, straight lines
- Support system: Post and lintel
- Column style: Doric, Ionic
- Sculpture: Idealized gods and godesses
- Painting: Stylized figures floating in space
- Subject of Art: Mythology - Philosophy: Efficiency, organization, practicality
- Art Forms: Mosaics, realistic wall paintings, idealized civil sculpture
- Most famous building: Pantheon
- Signature city: Rome
- Role Model: Greece
- Major contributions: Law, engineering, cement
- Prefered Structure: Civic buildings to honor Empire
- Walls: Concrete with ornamental facing
- Trademark forms: circles, curved lines
- Support system: rounded arches, vaults
- Column style: Corinthian
- Sculpture: Realistic human figures, idealized officials
- Painting: Realistic images with perspective
- Subject of Art: civic leaders, military triumphs Period before Columbus landed in the New World, or before European customs began to influence Native American artisans of North, Central, and South America
Native American Art:
- Ceremonial sand painting, Navaho
- Hopi kachina doll, Hopi Indians
- Eskimo shaman mask, Eskimo
- Totem Pole, Nootka
- Temple murals, Mayan
- Gold Figurine of King Tizoc, Mexican
- Gold funerary mask, Incan
Mound builders Byzantine:
- Art: Mosaics, Icons
- Architecture: Central-dome church
- Example: Hagia Sophia
- Date: 532-37
- Place: Constantinople, Turkey
Romanesque:
- Art: Frescoes, stylized sculpture
- Architecture: Barrel-vaulted church
- Example: St. Sernin
- Date: Begun 1080
- Place: Toulouse, France
Gothic
- Art: Stained glass, more natural sculpture
- Architecture: Pointed-arch cathedral
- Example: Chartres
- Date: 1194-1260
- Place: Chartres, France
How to tell Romanesque and Gothic Apart:
Romanesque:
- Emphasis: horizontal
- Elevation: modest height
- Layout: multiple units
- Main Trait: rounded arch
- Support System: piers, walls
- Engineering: barrel & groin vaults
- Ambiance: dark, solemn
- Exterior: simple, severe
Gothic:
- Emphasis: vertical
- Elevation: soaring
- Layout: unified, unbroken space
- Main Trait: pointed arch
- Support System: exterior buttresses
- Engineering: ribbed groin vaults
- Ambiance: airy, bright
- Exterior: richly decorated with sculpture -Holland
-protestant, religious art was forbidden in churches
-still lufe, landscape, and "big sky"
Hals, Rembrant, Vermeer
1630-70
portraits, still lifes, landscapes, people, virtuoso, visual accuracy, studies of light MOOD: playful, superficial, alive with energy
INTERIOR DÉCOR: gilded woodwork, painted panels, enormous wall mirrors
SHAPES: sinuous Sand C curves, arabesques, ribbon like scrolls
STYLE: light, graceful, delicate
COLORS: white, silver, gold, light pinks, blues, greens
FRENCH BUZZWORDS: la grâce (elegance) le goût (refined taste) name from a revived interest in medieval tales called romances.
VALUES: intuition, emotion, imagination
INSPIRATION: medieval and Baroque eras, middle and far east
TONE: subjective, spontaneous, nonconformist
COLOR: unreatrained, deep, rich shades
SUBJECTS: legends, exotica, nature, landscapes, wild animals
TECHNIQUES: quick brushstrokes, strong light and shade contrast
COMPOSITION: use of diagonal 1860s
radically departed from tradition by rejecting Renaissance perspective, balanced composition, idealized figires, and chiaroscuro. instead, represented immediate visual sensations through color and light
main goal was to present an "impression" or the initial sensory perceptions recorded by an artist in a breif glimpse
FIRST IMPRESSIONISM
PERIOD:1862-86
CAST: manet, monet, renoir, degas, pissarro, sisley, morisot, Cassatt
SUBJECTS: outdoor, seaside, parisan streets and cafes
PURPOSE: to portray immediate visual sensations of a scene LOCATION: France
PERIOD:1904-08
NOTABLES: Matisse, Derain, Valminck, Dufy, Rouault, Braun
HALLMARKS: intense bright, clashing colors, distorted forms and perspective, vigorous brush strokes, flat linear patters, bare canvas as part of overall design
TRANSLATION: Wild beast 