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Chapter 5

Terms in this set (52)

universal systems model
~ can be used to describe how any system works. .
~ apply to all systems - large or small, complex or simple, natural or human - made or engineered
process
the action part of the system, where resources interact or are combined
open- looped system
do not respond to changing conditions; can be a serious limitation
closed- loop system
able to adjust for changing conditions;
many engineered systems uses sensors to monitor how the system is working and use that info to adjust the process through feedbackl.
subsystem
smaller system that is part of the larger system. . each one requires human and technical resources. .
3 kinds of systems
~natural systems
~ human made systems
~ engineered systems
natural systems
~ Solar system
~ Marine ecosystem
~ human body
Human body
6
~circulatory system,
~respiratory system,
~digestive system,
~skeletal system
~ nervous system
~reproductive system
human made systems
~school systems
~government System
~ Health system
Examples of engineered systems
6
~ traffic control
~ cable TV
~internet
~ consumer products
~ transportation methods
~ military system
systems engineering
involves the application of systems knowledge ans systems thinking
system trends
4
complexity
importance
security
speed
Interact
To act on each other
Feedback
~ An evaluation of the results or output of a system or process
~ info about everything, used to adjust the system
~ compare the output to the input
~ see if it's what we wanted if it's not we go back to change the input/process
Universal Systems model Loop
Input--> Process--> Output--> Feedback ( input/Process)
Elements
Component parts
Input
~ Anything that is included into a system or process, often at the very beginning
~ what do you want the system to do and the resources put into the system
~ goal
Output
The result produced by a system or process.- should match the need
Structure of systems
Large and complex
--> small and simple
A home heating system uses a thermostat to sense the room temperature and to send a signal to the furnace to turn on when the temperature goes below a set threshold
Closed - loop
Once designated to be a subsystem component part is no longer referred to as a system itself
False
Poisonous fumes included and automobiles exhaust would be which type of System output
Expected and undesirable
World wide air traffic control system
~ Keep playing some crashing into each other
~ to know where all the planes are
(System: Planes, pilots, computers, GPS, radars
Examples of structure systems
5
~ Worldwide air traffic control system
~ ship
~ automobile
~ washing machine
~ flashlight
System
A Collection of parts, people, or subsystem that form a connected hole and work together for a common purpose or function
When must systems part interact with each other
In all cases
Switch
Making a connection between two conductors
Systems Interconnectivity
1. Every system has its own purpose
2. All parts of the system must be present for the system to work properly
3. System may be part of a larger system
4. Systems have boundaries but an element in one system is often also part of another system -(distribution system)
5. Systems that may seem to be separate can affect one another
Input -->
Needs
Resources - we're called constraints
( 1st & 2nd box in the engineering design loop)
Input needs
What the system should do
Inut resources
~ tools
~ info
~ people
~ time
~ energy
~ capital
~ material
Views of the universal system model
May add a 6th separate box for criteria, between Gail and input
Complex systems
Often systems of systems
Possible outcomes of system outputs
~Expected - desirable ~expected - undesirable ~unexpected - desirable
~ unexpected - undesirable
Alternative fuels and sources
All desirable outputs
Bio- Diesel
~from veggie oil and animal fat
~ produces less air pollutants then petroleum based diesel
Ethanol
Produce domestically from corn, and other crops and producesless greenhouse a emission then conventional fuels
How is systems thinking different from traditional thinking
Systems thinking emphasizes understanding the system as a whole and relationships among the parts
A plant that refined petroleum Products has extensive plans of action to use event of equipment malfunction. What element of system thinking does this primarily involved?
Managing risks
Considering the lifecycle of a new product might include the issue of the customers cost of performing preventive maintenance in making necessary repairs
True
System thinking
~ used to solve complex problems
~ focuses on the system as a whole
~ Studies relationships among the parts instead of the individual parts
~ consider the long-term consequences of a system
Elements of system thinking
7
~ understanding the need to stakeholders and how the product works, built, used, and maintained
~ developing creative solutions
~ considering how the system will perform in its lifecycle
~ considering how systems and subsystems will affect one another
~ identifying trade-offs (advantages and disadvantages)
~ managing risk(planning to address what could go wrong)
~ assessing the impacts of the overall system
Engineered systems
5
~ structural (body)
~ Propulsion
~ electronics ( Communication and control system)
~ mechanical
~ Ergoconomics
System engineers
~ have a degree in a particular engineering discipline
~ are employed by organization such as DOD, FAA, NASA, mass transit systems, aircraft manufactures
~ need excellent leadership and communication skills to coordinate the many teams and activities need to produce a system
Traditional thinking
~ used to solve complex problems
~ understand something by analyzing it apart
Complexity
Tech of digital electronics has been a major contribution to growth i
Importance
Systems have become essential to daily living and are expected to be reliable
Security
And increase important issue and government, civil and personal realms
Speed
We expect all systems operate faster and not just our computers and Internet
Connecting Olden and New
~ can be challenging
Legacy systems
~ existing systems that have been around for a long time
The workforce
Diverse of the aids in the development of creative solutions to problems
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