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Ap human geography chapter 6 review

Terms in this set (78)

Universalizing religion
Attempt to be global to appeal to all people wherever they may live in the world, not just to those of one culture or location
Ethnic religion
Appeal primarily of one of people living in one place
Atheism
Belief that God doesn't exsist
Agnosicism
Belief that nothing can be known about weather God exists
World percent of Roman Catholics
50%
World percent of Protestants
25%
World percent of Orthodox
10%
Regarding Eastern Orthodox churches, how many separate churches are there, and which has the largest membership
•14
•The Russian Orthodox Church
What percentage of Latin Americans are Roman Catholic
93%
Protestants comprise 28% of North Americans. List the five largest denominations
Baptist
Methodist
Pentecostal
Lutheran
Roman Catholic
Half of the worlds Muslims live in the Middle East. The other have live in four countries outside the Middle East. Name them
Indonesia
Pakistan
Bangladesh
India
Percentage of Sunni
Percentage of Shiite
83%
16%
Only in four countries do Shiite Muslims number more than Sunni. What are they?
Iran
Pakistan
Iraq
Azerbaijan
Mahayanas percent of global Buddhist population and regions of predominance
56%
China, Japan, and Korea
Theravadas percent of global Buddhist population and regions of predominance
38%
Sri Lanka, Laos, Thailand, Cambodia, and Myanmar
Tantrayana percent of global Buddhist population and regions of predominance
69%
Tibet and Mongolia
Why were Buddhists difficult to count?
Only few people participate in Buddhist institutions
Where were Hindus concentrated? What percentage of all Hindus live there? Where are the rest
India
97%
2%-Nepal
1%-dispersed
Confucianism
Prescribed a series of ethical principles for the orderly conduct of daily life
Taoism
Cannot be comprehended by reason and knowledge because not everything is a noble
Primal-Indigenous
Little is known about the religions because written documents haven't come down from ancestors
Animism
They believe that inanimate objects of natural events have this great spirits and conscious life
Spiritism
Most reside in Brazil
Judaism
First recorded religion to expose monotheism Abraham is the patriarch of Judaism
What are the four noble truths?
• all living beings must endure suffering
• suffering which is caused by a desire to live leads to reincarnation
• The goal of all existence is escape suffering and that unless I go a ring carnation into nirvana which is achieved through mental and moral self-purification
• Nirvana is attained through an eight fold path which includes rightness of believe resolve speech action livelihood effort thought and meditation
What to ancient peoples believes blended to form Hinduism
Aryans
Dravidians
Give three explanations for the diffusion of Christianity
Relocation diffusion
Contagious diffusion
Hierarchal diffusion
Give three ways in which Islam spread
Relocation diffusion
Muslim armies
Intermarriage
Shintoism and Buddhism blended in?
Japan
African practices and Christianity blended in?
Africa
Namibia, Equatorial ginea, Hinduism, Islam, and Christianity blended in?
The islands of Mairitaus
How was it's distribution very different from other ethnic religion
Practiced in many countries
Diaspora
When the Romans force the Jews to move around the world
How were most Jews treated as they lived among the nationalities
They were persecuted
What is the origin of the term ghetto
In Venice Italy a reference to the cities Foundery for metalcasting district
In what two ways is a religious structures often stand out in the landscape
Burial of the dead
Religious settlements
Why do many Christian churches vary in architectural style?
Christianity is split into many denominations
Identify four specific visual features of a typical mosque
• around a central courtyard
• pulpit at the end of the court yard facing Mecca
• cloisters surrounding the courtyard
• Minaret-tower in the middle
What is the religious purpose of a Buddhist pagoda
Pagodas contain relics that Buddhist believe to be a portion of Buddhas body or clothing
How was pilgrimage of her of the developing of pagodas
Buddhist carried the relics to other countries and Bill pagodas for them after Buddha died
Formal worship in a pagoda is not typical. Where does it usually take place?
More likely to be undertaken at an adjacent temple at a remote monastery or at a home
Pilgrimage
A journey for religious purposes to a place considered sacred
How are Hindu temples different than both churches in mosques
Congregational worship isn't part of Hinduism so there are no seats
List three typical features of a Hindu temple
•small dimly lit
•a structure for a caretaker
•pool for ritual baths
List three examples of how religions have Inc. characteristics of cosmology
Yin yang
Christianity
Islam
Solstice
An astronomical event that happens twice a year when the tilt of the earth's axis is most inclined to One Direction
What is the most prominent feature of a calendar in an ethnic religion
Celebration of the season the calendars annual cycle of variation in climatic conditions
What is the principal purpose of the calendar in the universalizing religion
Major holidays relate to events in the life of the founder rather than to the changing seasons of one particular place
How is the Jewish calendar typical of ethnic use of the calendar
It's major holidays are based on events in the agricultural calendar of the religions homeland and present-day Israel
Difference between Jewish and Muslim lunar calendar
Jewish calendar inserts extra month every few years to maintain its agricultural and solar calendars

Muslims remain a strict lunar calendar Muslim holidays arrive in different seasons from generation to generation
How was the date of Easter related to the physical geography through the calendar
Serves observed on the first Sunday after the first full moon
Why do different Christian branches celebrate Easter on different days
It depends on where they're living
How is the similar to Buddhisms major holidays
Not all Buddhists observe them on the same day
Hierarchical religion
Well defined geographic structure and originates territory into local administrative wits
Why are parishes in Latin America so much larger than Europe
Lower population density in parishes must work closely
Autonomous religion
Self-sufficient and interaction among communities is confined to little more than loose corporation and shared ideas
In the Absence of hierarchy what is only four more organization of territory in Islam
Through the coincidence of religious territory with sector states
What holds Islam together
The Koran and language and location
List some religions and denominations with on autonomous religion
Hinduism, Judaism, Baptist, United Church of Christ, Presbyterian
List some religions and denominations with hierarchical religions
Christian denominations, lutheran, most Methodist, episcopalian
What aspect of Hinduism has clashed with the western modern ideas
The caste system
What Western groups criticize this aspect why
British administration and Christian missionaries because they point out the shortcomings of the caste system the neglect of the untouchable health problems
How has the Indian government responded to this issue
They abolished the untouchables caste making everyone equal
And Russia Soviet union how did each of the following attempt to limit the influence of religion specifically the eastern orthodox church
Czar Petr the great- Czar and Peter the Great made the Russian orthodox church part of the Russian government All church buildings can only be used with the permission of the local government

Communism- a form of socialism the abolishes private ownership
How was the Vietnam war detrimental to Buddhism in Southeast Asia
Destroyed many Buddhist shrines
How were communist regimes detrimental to Buddhism in Southeast Asia
Allowed shines and monuments that did make it through the Vietnam War to decay and be overtaken by the forest
Fundamentalism
A literal interpretation and a strict and intense adherence to basic principles of a religion
What are two religious groups in conflict in Ireland
Roman Catholic
Protestants
Where Roman Catholics mostly located
The rest of the area west of Belfast
Where are protestants mostly located
Northern part like United Kingdom and east of Belfast
What religions are in constant conflict of the land in the Middle East
Judaism, Islam and Christianity
What was the military campaign by the Christians to recapture there holy land from the Muslims
Crusades
Judaism's Jerusalem


Islam's Jerusalem
The location of Solomon's temple and the western wall

The most important structure is the dome of the rock
Which isn't a universalizing religion
Judaism
Roman catholic predominates in which area
South America
Not one of the five pillars of Islam
Make a pilgrimage to Jerusalem
Which region is the large number found of adherence to ethnic religions found
East Asia
What are the five pillars of Islam
•no god but Allah
•pray 5 times a day
•giving charity
• fasting during the month of Ramadan
• pilgrimage to Mecca
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