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Psych. of Ab. Behavior - Ch. 2 (Test 1)

Terms in this set (25)

Which of the following statements is TRUE about internal validity?
When internal increases, external validity often decreases.
Historically, group based research in abnormal psychology has
restricted samples with regard to race and ethnicity
What is the difference between clinical and statistical significance?
Statistical significance refers to the mathematical probability that after treatment, changes that occurred in the treatment group were actually due to the treatment but may not have any practical or clinical value. Clinical significance examines whether significant findings have practical or clinical value
In which of the following cases would a reverse of treatment be unethical or impractical?
removing a treatment that reduces self-injurious behavior
Kyle is in a controlled depression study with a variety of other individuals. He suffers from depression and anxiety. Others in the study also suffer from more than one type of psychological disorder. He is in the test group and receives treatments in a clinic by a clinician. The study's researcher is also collecting data on the cost-benefit ratio of treatment. In what type of research is Kyle most likely participating?
effectiveness research, focusing more on external validity
To draw conclusions about causality, _________ must be used.
controlled group designs
A research design assessing sexual conduct among 10th and 12th graders one time is most likely what type of research design?
cross-sectional
A twin birth resulting in one boy and one girl is known as which type of twin pair?
dizygotic
What is the difference between family history and family study methods?
A family history method uses information from one or two family members to provide information about other family members, while a family study method involves directly interviewing each consenting family member
Two large studies of MZ twins suggest genetic factors strongly influence
IQ
The oldest part of the brain regulates
breathing, heartbeat, and motor control
The __________ nervous system in the body is responsible for returning body functions to resting levels after they have been activated
parasympathetic
___________ is a research approach that focuses on the prevalence and incidence of mental disorders and the factors that influence those patterns.
Epidemiology
Which of the following is NOT an outcome of efforts to encourage underrepresented groups to participate in research in recent decades?
an increased lack of trust and fear of stigmatization
Which of the following is FALSE about the NCS-R data?
The intervals between the time a person's mental disorder begins and his or her first attempt to seek treatment is relatively short
Tucker is 2 years old and has a habit of pinching people. A psychologist devised the following behavioral treatment plan to try to stop Tucker from pinching. Since Tucker's favorite toy was a garbage truck, the psychologist directed his parents to give Tucker the toy to play with as long as he did not pinch people. If Tucker began to pinch, then they were to take the toy away from Tucker for varying lengths of time. Tucker's parents were asked to record the number of times Tucker pinched during each day. Tucker stopped pinching after the first three weeks of treatment. Then, the treatment program was gradually withdrawn over the next month. In this ABAB design scenario, which element measures the plan's success?
the daily frequency of Tucker's pinching
What is a limitation of single case design?
They do not address the impact of individual differences which may be important in determining treatment response.
The ABAB design is often a more useful strategy to test the effects of behavioral treatments in which of the following groups?
children
In randomized controlled designs, what is most likely NOT a factor that affects the study's conclusions?
in depth, individualized information on each participant
Which of the following statements is TRUE about multiple baseline studies?
When conducted across individuals, treatment is introduced at different times.
Which of the following is an example of a case study?
a study intensively examining one family's frequency of depression diagnosis that includes assessments or descriptions of depressive behaviors and treatment outcomes
Which statement appropriately describes a significant correlation between variables?
Exercise frequency and higher education levels are associated with lower risk factors for developing dementia.
If X, Y, and Z are all variables that relate to alcohol consumption and the development of dementia, then variable Z, which may influence both X and Y, is known as a ___________ variable in this correlation.
moderator
Which of the following represents a negative correlation?
increased levels of education are associated with decreased rates of anxiety disorders
Genetic studies ________ used as a part of the usual clinical assessment to determine the diagnosis of depression.
would not be
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