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WHAP Chapter 15: Cultural Transformations: Religion and Science

Terms in this set (30)

Which statement best describes the world of Christianity in 1500 C.E.?
It was on the defensive against an expanding Islamic world.
The father of the Protestant Reformation was
Martin Luther.
Which of the following statements best describes Martin Luther's teachings?
Humans can be saved by faith in God alone, and the source of all religious authority is the Bible.
Did the Protestant Reformation have a significant impact on the status of women?
Protestantism worsened women's position in society by closing convents, which had given women an important alternative to marriage.
Which of the following was an important reason for the spread of Protestantism?
The printing press
What was a Huguenot?
A member of the Protestant minority in France
The great European religious conflict of the early seventeenth century that eventually included much of Europe is known as the
Thirty Years' War.
The forces of the Catholic Reformation clarified Catholic doctrine, corrected abuses, and took steps against dissidents at which of the following?
The Council of Trent
Which of the following regions converted on a massive scale to Christianity in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries?
Mexico
What was Taki Onqoy?
A religious revivalist movement in central Peru in the 1560s
Which of the following statements best describes Christianity as it developed in Spanish America?
It was a distinct variety of Catholic Christianity that incorporated many elements of pre-Columbian religious belief.
Who was Matteo Ricci?
A Jesuit missionary in China
Which of the following best describes the effort to convert China to Christianity in the sixteenth through eighteenth centuries?
It was not very successful, because China was powerful and prosperous.
What made Emperor Kangxi forbid the teaching of Christianity in China in 1715?
The pope claimed authority over Chinese Christians and forbade the Jesuit policy of accommodation.
Which of the following best describes religions like Vodou, Santeria, Candomble, and Macumba?
They are syncretic religions, combining elements of Christianity and native African religions.
What was the Wahhabi movement of the early eighteenth century?
An Islamic reform movement in Arabia
This eighteenth-century Muslim religious leader emphasized women's rights to control their dowries and divorce, and to engage in commerce.
Al-Wahhab
The system of Chinese thought that added the insights of Daoism and Buddhism to a Confucian framework was known as
Neo-Confucianism.
What was kaozheng?
An elite Chinese movement that emphasized the importance of precision, accuracy, and rigorous analysis
This famous Chinese novel explores the social life of an eighteenth-century elite family.
The Dream of the Red Chamber
What was bhakti?
A Hindu devotional movement
To which sector of Indian society did the bhakti movement especially appeal?
Women
This great holy person of the bhakti movement transgressed caste barriers and left a body of poetry exploring her yearning for union with the god Krishna.
Mirabai
Why is Nanak important to world history?
He founded the Sikh religion.
Which of the following is the best description of the Sikh religion?
It was a new religion that blended elements of both Hinduism and Islam.
Which of the following is a reason why the Scientific Revolution occurred in Europe?
Europe's universities had autonomy in which scholars could develop ideas reasonably free from both the Church and secular authorities.
How did educated Europeans understand the universe before the Scientific Revolution?
They believed that the earth was at the center of the universe, with the sun, moon, and stars revolving around it.
This great mathematician and astronomer first proposed the theory that the earth and other planets revolve around the sun in his book On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres.
Nicolaus Copernicus
Church authorities forced this early astronomer to renounce publicly his thesis that the earth moves.
Galileo Galilei
This Enlightenment author proclaimed in his Treatise on Toleration that the earth is only one of many worlds, and it is ridiculous to believe that God cares only for the little people on this one planet.
Voltaire
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