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Patho ch 35

Terms in this set (32)

The family learns that a 3D ultrasound of a 9-week fetus shows incomplete fusion of the nasomedial or intermaxillary process. The family will be told that the child will be born with:
Cleft lip
Examination of a newborn female revealed that the esophagus ends in a blind pouch. This condition is referred to on the chart as:
Esophageal atresia
Which condition should the nurse assess for if mothers carrying fetuses affected by esophageal malformations?
Excessive amniotic fluid
A mother brings her 2-week-old infant to the pediatrician because he vomits forcefully for no apparent reason and food sometimes is regurgitated as though undigested. The infant is most likely suffering from:
Pyloric stenosis
A sign that a newborn infant may have pyloric stenosis is:
Olive-sized mass in the upper abdomen
A 2-month-old female is brought to the emergency room (ER) for persistent bile-stained vomiting after feeding. Physical examination reveals dehydration, and x-ray reveals that the colon is located in the upper right quadrant. What is the most likely cause of this condition?
Malrotation
Meconiu ileus is associated with which of the following disorders?
Cystic fibrosis
Intussusception is treated initially by:
An air enema
A 2-month-old female with Down syndrome is diagnosed with Hirschsprung disease following family complaints of chronic constipation. The most likely cause of these symptoms is:
Absence of ganglia along the length of the colon
The primary complication of enterocolitis associated with Hirschsprung disease is related to which finding?
Fecal impaction
A 6-month-old male infant is brought to the ER after the sudden development of abdominal pain, irritability, and vomiting followed by passing of "currant jelly" stool. Ultrasound reveals intestinal obstruction in which the ileum collapsed through the ileocecal valve and invaginated into the large intestine. This type of obstruction is referred to as:
Intussusception
An 8-week-old female is diagnosed with a congenital heart disease and Down Syndrome. Her parents report that she has difficulty defecating. X-ray reveals anorectal malformation that causes complete obstruction often referred to as:
Imperforate anus
Occurrence of gastroesophageal reflux is highest in which pediatric population?
Premature infants
An 8-week-old male was recently diagnosed with cystic fibrosis. Which of the following digestive alterations would be expected?
Malabsorption
A 13-month-old infant presents with vomiting; abdominal pain; and pale, bulky, greasy, and foul-smelling stools. A possible diagnosis the clinician would document on the chart might be:
Gluten-sensitive enteropathy
Celiac disease, or sprue is caused by alterations of the intestinal:
Villi
Kwashiorkor is a severe dietary deficiency of:
Protein
Marasmus is most common in children of which age group?
Younger than one
A 1-week-old female is brought to her pediatrician for abdominal distention and unstable temperature. Physical examination reveals bradycardia and apnea. Tests reveal hypoxic injury to the bowel resulting in bacterial invasion and perforation. This condition is referred to as:
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC)
Prolonged diarrhea is more serious in children than adults because:
Fluid reserves are lower in children
When an infant has increased bilirubin production and impaired hepatic excretion of bilirubin, what does the nurse suspect is occurring in the patient?
Physiologic jaundice
A 7-month-old female presents with jaundice, clay-colored stool, and failure to gain weight. Testing reveals the absence of intrahepatic bile ducts. This condition is referred to as ___ atresia.
Biliary
A 7-month-old female presents with jaundice, clay-colored stool, and failure to gain weight. She is diagnosed with biliary atresia. The nurse realizes the treatment for this disorder will most likely be:
Liver transplant
The nurse assessing the patient with biliary atresia would expect to find which primary clinical manifestation?
Jaundice
Outbreaks of hepatitis __ often occur in young children attending day care centers and can be attributed to poor hand washing.
A
Where does the nurse expect the obstruction to be in a patient with extrahepatic portal hypertension?
Hepatic portal vein
Early identification and treatment for metabolic disorders is important because:
Permanent damage to vital organs can be prevented
A 3-month-old female presents with intention tremors, dystonia, greenish-yellow rings in the cornea, and hepatomegaly. Tests reveal a defect on chromosome 13. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
Wilson disease
A 29-year-old male presents with fever, GI bleeding, hepatomegaly, and transient joint pain. He reports that as a child he received blood transfusions following a motor vehicle accident. He also indicates he was vaccinated against hepatitis B. Which of the following types of hepatitis does the clinician think he most likely has?
C
The nurse would correctly identify the most common symptom of Meckel diverticulum as:
Rectal bleeding
A newborn male is diagnosed with cleft palate. The pediatrician counsels the parents that complications of cleft palate include (select all that apply):
- Tonsil hypertrophy
- Recurrent paranasal infections
- Excessive dental decay
- Hearing loss
Which of the following are complications of gastroesophageal reflux? (Select all that apply).
- Aspiration pneumonia
- Anemia
- Weight loss
- Delayed growth
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