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Genetics Final Study

Terms in this set (63)

Molecular biologists can determine experimentally whether a region of DNA contains closed chromatin or open chromatin by assessing the sensitivity of the region to
DNAse
A region of chromatin has recently become DNAse I hypersensitive. Which enzyme has been activated to cause this change in chromatin structure?
histone acetylase
Prader-Willi syndrome is a genetic disorder involving a partial deletion of chromosome 15q on the paternal chromosome. When both copies of a gene (or chromosome) are functional but only one is expressed, this is an example of
genomic imprinting
During RNAi, what do miRNAs target for destruction?
mRNA's
Many types of cancer are known to overexpress the receptor protein tyrosine kinase. Which molecular technique can be used to reduce expression of an oncogene in vitro?
RNAi
A researcher wants to mutagenize an organism. He is not in need of a large number of mutants but is more concerned with being able to find and then to amplify the mutated sequence. Which of the following would therefore be more useful?
transposon insertion
In Drosophila, mutation screening usually involves use of a balancer chromosome that includes three elements: a set of overlapping inversions, an easily recognized dominant mutation, and a recessive lethal mutation that prevents balancer homozygotes from surviving. Which one, or combination, of these elements is necessary and sufficient to suppress crossovers?
inversions
If mutagenizing a number of Drosophila results in several observable phenotypes but also in several lethal mutations, does this mean that recessive lethal mutations cannot be studied further?
No; the lethal allele can be recovered from heterozygous siblings.
If a mutagenesis screen provides some number (e.g., 24) of alleles shown by complementation analysis to be in the same gene, which of the following is true?
These mutants can be used to identify the role of the gene in metabolism.
EMS (ethylmethane sulfonate) is mutagenic because
it adds alkyl groups to bases
The reasons for using transposon-based mutagenesis include all of the following except
addition of alkyl groups to bases
Which of the following would make a human disorder-causing allele or gene easiest to locate?
a single patient with a chromosomal translocation associated with the gene
In a disease associated with a nucleotide repeat, anticipation is often noticed in subsequent generations, usually associated with a more severe phenotype. Which of the following is a more likely cause of anticipation?
The CAG alleles with a high number of repeats are unstable and change size from generation
to generation.
If you wish to rid an experimental organism of the function of a gene, you can use RNAi. What would you inject into the organism?
dsRNA homologous to the gene
In reverse genetics, what is the correct order in which the experimenter proceeds?
induction of and selection for a mutant allele with a known sequence, followed by screening for mutations of interest
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