Zoology test 3 Diamond

Terms in this set (74)

Chordata phylum

deuterosmes
notochord (flexible support)
hollow dorsal nerve cord
gill slits
post-anal tail
have one some or all during some period of their life cycle but mainly embryonic

SP Cephalochordata

ex: branchiostoma
small fish like
marine in shallow water
half buried in sediments
notochord in adult

sea squirts
larval stage has all 4 chordate characteristics
adult only has gill slits
marine filter feeders
incurrent and excurrent siphon

chordates with a vertebral column of bone or cartilage around notochord
definte head: brain encased in skull
endoskeleton: grows with animal
closed circulation
complex organ systems

(jawless fish)
primitive skeleton, vertebral cloumn
cartilage skeleton
no jaws
gill slits
single loop blood circulation
no paired fins
no scales

parasitic with teeth in rings
non parasitic without teeth
breed in fresh water
buccal cavities (mouth) surrounded by fleshy projections called cirri

Patromyzon marinus

marine lamprey
feeds on blood and flesh of other fish- uses anticoagulant
north atlantic native
invasive great lakes
chews hole into fish secretes antico then feeds

hagfish
scavengers
marine benthic ( caves tunnels)
Hermaphroditic agntha

Class Chondrichthyes

sharks skates rays
cartilage skeleton
jaws from modified gill arches
paired fins
Placoid scales: composed of dentine with enamel tip- rough skin
no swim bladder
fatty liver buoyancy
predators or scavengers

Marine Bull Shark

chondrichthyes that can come into fresh water

rays- live skates-egg sharks-both

chondrichthyes live bearing, egg laying , both

skate has larger fleshier tail, ray whip like stinging tails

tell skate and ray apart

class osteichthyes

most diverse group of vertebrates

class osteichthyes

gas filled swim bladder, bony skeleton, paired fins and bony rays
20,000 species
3 infraclasses

infra class Chondrostei

sturgeon and Paddle fish
primitive type
dermal plates instead of scales
heterocercal tail

infraclass Holostei

sharply toothed primitive predators
can take in atmospheric oxygen
live in low oxygen regions (swamps)
intermediate between chondrostei and Teleostei

infraclass teleostei

most advanced
majority of fish
jaws protrude outwards
homocercal tail (lobes same size)
spine does not extend to tail
divided in ray finned (actinopterygii) and lobe finned (sarcopterygii)

sub class actionopterygii

ray finned fish
Lepidotrichia - webbed fins supported by bony spines
no connection to the skeleton
90% of all vertebrates on earth
fresh and salt

sub class sarcopterygii

lobed finned fish
joined to body by a single bone
lung fish and coelacanth (thought to be extinct)
tropical marine and can crawl on mud

tetra pods (four limbs)
smooth moist non-scaly skin
weak lungs in adults- supplemented by cutaneous respiration
immature have gills
well developed sense organs for land life
ectothermy(cold blooded)
aquatic reproduction- external fertilization( eggs do not have shells and young aquatic larvae have gills)

lobed finned fish

tetrapod evolved from

Anura
caudata
apoda

Amphibian Orders
without tail
visible tail
without legs

frogs and toads

Anura with smooth moist skin and long legs with webbed hind feet and jump
most live in or near water

have bumpy dry skin and shorter legs
poison glands
live in dry areas
(all frogs are toads but not all toads are frogs)

have long bodies tails and smooth skin
moist environments
eat insects snails worms
eggs are fertilized internally (female picks up sperm packet)
larvae and adults similar but have gills and live in water

caecilians
tropical burrowing amphibians
legless with small eyes and jaws with teeth; eat worms and other invertebrates in soil
tentacles on head for sensing prey

artificial classification
two groups Reptiles and Archosaurs
birds are traditionally placed in class aves
molecular and fossils say that birds should be placed with _____

key characteristics: limbs adapted for land
skin resisted drying out
thoracic breathing
4 chambered heart
uric acid excretion to conserve water
ectothermic
amniotic egg: egg with shell for protection

Testudinata (chelonia)
Crocodilia
Rhynchocephalia
squamata

4 Reptilia orders

Order Testudinata (chelonia)

turtles
scles+dermal bone= armor shell
carapace upper
plastron lower
ribs and vertebrae fused to shell
flexible neck and limited limb mobility
no teeth
very little change over the 200 mill yr

lizards
very diverse
teeth
from small to 3 meters(komodo dragon)
moveable eyelids
external ear
uniform scales

found all over the world
limbless
non-moveable eyelid
no ears
non-uniform scales(ventral scutes)

order crocodilia

twenty one species in the order occur in warm parts of the world
two native in north america and 1 introduced to florida

earliest bird evidence
feathers scales on head teeth and tail
mixed characteristics of reptile and bird
fly small distances

epidermal scales
tail with vertebrae
clawed feet
cloaca
endothermic
efficent respiration
amniote hard shell

group of aves that are land bound
no keel
4 orders (ostrich rhea, emu, kiwi

group of aves that have keel
flighted birds plus penguins
24 orders

Oder Passeriformes

sparrows cardnials crows titmice bluejays orioles finches
three toes point forward one back
song birds/ perching birds

order Falconiformes

eagles hawks osprey vultures falcon
hooked beaks and talons for ripping prey

Order Piciformes

woodpecker toucans
two toes forward two backward
reinforced skull

Order Psittactiformes

macaws parrots lorikeets
strong curved beaks
eat fruit and see

Order Apodiformes

swifts and hummingbirds
weak legs covered in skin not scales
can fly backwards

Order Charadriiformes

gulls puffins and plovers
moist live near water and eat invertebrates
"shore birds"
mother pretends to be hurt to lure predators from her eggs

Order Columbiformes

pigeons and doves
stout bodies, short necks
and have a fleshy structure called a cere which covers the base of their bill

Order Galliformes

chickens turkeys pheasants quail
heavy bodied grown dwelling birds
run then fly

Order Anseriformes

waterfowl-ducks, geese
web-footed for efficient swimming

Order Strigiformes

owls
nocturnal predators

Order Ciconiiformes

Herons storks and allies
long legged wading birds

Order Sphenisciform

penguins
diving birds of the far southern hemisphere

Order Pelecaniformes

pelican anhinga and cormorant
four webbed toes and offer a bare throat patch

mammals diverged from _____ 220 MYA

has an opening low in the skull roof behind each eye (synapsid)

_____ reptiles are the mammal ancestors. most died out 170 MYA

HAir- keratinized epithelium in a cylinder
guard hair
underfur
quills
spines
endothermy
above allowed mammals to inhabit colder climates

mammary glands- modified sweat glands to produce milk.
placenta- an organ that connects the developing fetus to the uterine wall to allow nutrient uptake waste elimination and gas exchange
integument with glands:
-sweat glands
-sebaceous glands secrete oily matter sebum to lubricate and waterproof skin
-wax glands

internal fertilization
specialized teeth
-incisors, canines, premolars, molars

monotremes
marsupial
placental

3 groups of mammalia

Order Monotremata

Platypus
venomus mammal
lays eggs

Order Monotremata

Echidna
spiny ant eater

Order Marsupialia

young born early, leave mothers uterus and migrate to marsupial pouch, feed on milk
convergence with placental species
koala
opossum
kangaroo

placental mammals

connecting young embryo to mothers uterine wall for food and gas exchange

order atriodactyla

deer camel pigs cow sheep hippo
characterized by either two or four hoofed toes on each foot

order Carnivora

cats bears weasels raccoon wolf and skunk
most members of the order can be recognized by their enlarged fourth upper premolar and first lower molar, referred to as the carnassial pair. the outer incisor is often relatively large and canine like

wales and dolphins
all ____ shara a streamlined hairless body,
paddle-shaped front limbs, vestigial hind limb, no external digits or claws, flattened tail, and thick subcutaneous blubber layer

Oder Chiroptera

great elongation of the fingers that support the flying membrane
only mammals that can truly fly

Order insectivora

insect-eaters
hedgehogs moles and shrews (venomous)
primitive mammals that have a long sensitive snout
sharp teeth
conical cusps
and five clawed toes on each foot

Order Lagomorpha

rabbits hares pikas
four incisors in the upper jaw and have enamel on the front and back side of the incisors
large ears for body temp regulation ( hotter the temp that bigger the ears

Order Perissodactyla

odd-toed
horses rhinos tapirs
the third toe is the largest with other toes reduced in size
have hooves
and lack a rumen( partially digrests food with aid of bacteria; first stomach)

apes monkeys humans
binocular vision
five digits and opposable thumbs and big toes
adapted for life in trees

Oder Proboscidea

elephants, mammotha, mastodonts
trunk used to grab food and water
specialized teeth to graze
has a trunk

rats mice squirrels hampsters beavers
Have only 2 incisors above and below
incisors and grinding teeth, no canines and never more that two premolars in each jaw above and below

sea cows manatees
two nostrils on top or at the front of a thick muzzle
no hind limbs, forelimbs modified into flippers and horizontally flattened tail

Order Xenarthra

sloths and armadillos
vertebral joints have extra articulations
most simple skulls of all mammals, and teeth are peg-like or absent
produces 4 identical bc one egg splits to repeatedly to make each
caries human lepresy

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