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Zoology test 3 Diamond

Terms in this set (74)

Chordata phylum
deuterosmes
notochord (flexible support)
hollow dorsal nerve cord
gill slits
post-anal tail
have one some or all during some period of their life cycle but mainly embryonic
SP Cephalochordata
ex: branchiostoma
small fish like
marine in shallow water
half buried in sediments
notochord in adult
SP Tunicata
sea squirts
larval stage has all 4 chordate characteristics
adult only has gill slits
marine filter feeders
incurrent and excurrent siphon
SP Vertebrata
chordates with a vertebral column of bone or cartilage around notochord
definte head: brain encased in skull
endoskeleton: grows with animal
closed circulation
complex organ systems
Class Agntha
(jawless fish)
primitive skeleton, vertebral cloumn
cartilage skeleton
no jaws
gill slits
single loop blood circulation
no paired fins
no scales
Lampreys
parasitic with teeth in rings
non parasitic without teeth
breed in fresh water
buccal cavities (mouth) surrounded by fleshy projections called cirri
Patromyzon marinus
marine lamprey
feeds on blood and flesh of other fish- uses anticoagulant
north atlantic native
invasive great lakes
chews hole into fish secretes antico then feeds
Myxine
hagfish
scavengers
marine benthic ( caves tunnels)
Hermaphroditic agntha
Class Chondrichthyes
sharks skates rays
cartilage skeleton
jaws from modified gill arches
paired fins
Placoid scales: composed of dentine with enamel tip- rough skin
no swim bladder
fatty liver buoyancy
predators or scavengers
Marine Bull Shark
chondrichthyes that can come into fresh water
rays- live skates-egg sharks-both
chondrichthyes live bearing, egg laying , both
skate has larger fleshier tail, ray whip like stinging tails
tell skate and ray apart
class osteichthyes
most diverse group of vertebrates
class osteichthyes
gas filled swim bladder, bony skeleton, paired fins and bony rays
20,000 species
3 infraclasses
infra class Chondrostei
sturgeon and Paddle fish
primitive type
dermal plates instead of scales
heterocercal tail
infraclass Holostei
sharply toothed primitive predators
can take in atmospheric oxygen
live in low oxygen regions (swamps)
intermediate between chondrostei and Teleostei
infraclass teleostei
most advanced
majority of fish
jaws protrude outwards
homocercal tail (lobes same size)
spine does not extend to tail
divided in ray finned (actinopterygii) and lobe finned (sarcopterygii)
sub class actionopterygii
ray finned fish
Lepidotrichia - webbed fins supported by bony spines
no connection to the skeleton
90% of all vertebrates on earth
fresh and salt
sub class sarcopterygii
lobed finned fish
joined to body by a single bone
lung fish and coelacanth (thought to be extinct)
tropical marine and can crawl on mud
Class Amphibia
tetra pods (four limbs)
smooth moist non-scaly skin
weak lungs in adults- supplemented by cutaneous respiration
immature have gills
well developed sense organs for land life
ectothermy(cold blooded)
aquatic reproduction- external fertilization( eggs do not have shells and young aquatic larvae have gills)
lobed finned fish
tetrapod evolved from
Anura
caudata
apoda
Amphibian Orders
without tail
visible tail
without legs
Order Anura
frogs and toads
frog
Anura with smooth moist skin and long legs with webbed hind feet and jump
most live in or near water
toads
have bumpy dry skin and shorter legs
poison glands
live in dry areas
(all frogs are toads but not all toads are frogs)
order caudata
have long bodies tails and smooth skin
moist environments
eat insects snails worms
eggs are fertilized internally (female picks up sperm packet)
larvae and adults similar but have gills and live in water
order apoda
caecilians
tropical burrowing amphibians
legless with small eyes and jaws with teeth; eat worms and other invertebrates in soil
tentacles on head for sensing prey
Class Reptilia
artificial classification
two groups Reptiles and Archosaurs
birds are traditionally placed in class aves
molecular and fossils say that birds should be placed with _____
class reptilia
key characteristics: limbs adapted for land
skin resisted drying out
thoracic breathing
4 chambered heart
uric acid excretion to conserve water
ectothermic
amniotic egg: egg with shell for protection
Testudinata (chelonia)
Crocodilia
Rhynchocephalia
squamata
4 Reptilia orders
Order Testudinata (chelonia)
turtles
scles+dermal bone= armor shell
carapace upper
plastron lower
ribs and vertebrae fused to shell
flexible neck and limited limb mobility
no teeth
very little change over the 200 mill yr
order squamata
lizards
very diverse
teeth
from small to 3 meters(komodo dragon)
moveable eyelids
external ear
uniform scales
order squamata
found all over the world
limbless
non-moveable eyelid
no ears
non-uniform scales(ventral scutes)
order crocodilia
twenty one species in the order occur in warm parts of the world
two native in north america and 1 introduced to florida
archaeopteryx
earliest bird evidence
feathers scales on head teeth and tail
mixed characteristics of reptile and bird
fly small distances
class aves
epidermal scales
tail with vertebrae
clawed feet
cloaca
endothermic
efficent respiration
amniote hard shell
ratite birds
group of aves that are land bound
no keel
4 orders (ostrich rhea, emu, kiwi
carinate birds
group of aves that have keel
flighted birds plus penguins
24 orders
Oder Passeriformes
sparrows cardnials crows titmice bluejays orioles finches
three toes point forward one back
song birds/ perching birds
order Falconiformes
eagles hawks osprey vultures falcon
hooked beaks and talons for ripping prey
Order Piciformes
woodpecker toucans
two toes forward two backward
reinforced skull
Order Psittactiformes
macaws parrots lorikeets
strong curved beaks
eat fruit and see
Order Apodiformes
swifts and hummingbirds
weak legs covered in skin not scales
can fly backwards
Order Charadriiformes
gulls puffins and plovers
moist live near water and eat invertebrates
"shore birds"
mother pretends to be hurt to lure predators from her eggs
Order Columbiformes
pigeons and doves
stout bodies, short necks
and have a fleshy structure called a cere which covers the base of their bill
Order Galliformes
chickens turkeys pheasants quail
heavy bodied grown dwelling birds
run then fly
Order Anseriformes
waterfowl-ducks, geese
web-footed for efficient swimming
Order Strigiformes
owls
nocturnal predators
Order Ciconiiformes
Herons storks and allies
long legged wading birds
Order Sphenisciform
penguins
diving birds of the far southern hemisphere
Order Pelecaniformes
pelican anhinga and cormorant
four webbed toes and offer a bare throat patch
reptiles
mammals diverged from _____ 220 MYA
mammalia
has an opening low in the skull roof behind each eye (synapsid)
therapsid
_____ reptiles are the mammal ancestors. most died out 170 MYA
class mammalia
HAir- keratinized epithelium in a cylinder
guard hair
underfur
quills
spines
endothermy
above allowed mammals to inhabit colder climates
mammalia
mammary glands- modified sweat glands to produce milk.
placenta- an organ that connects the developing fetus to the uterine wall to allow nutrient uptake waste elimination and gas exchange
integument with glands:
-sweat glands
-sebaceous glands secrete oily matter sebum to lubricate and waterproof skin
-wax glands
mammalia
internal fertilization
specialized teeth
-incisors, canines, premolars, molars
monotremes
marsupial
placental
3 groups of mammalia
Order Monotremata
Platypus
venomus mammal
lays eggs
Order Monotremata
Echidna
spiny ant eater
Order Marsupialia
young born early, leave mothers uterus and migrate to marsupial pouch, feed on milk
convergence with placental species
koala
opossum
kangaroo
placental mammals
connecting young embryo to mothers uterine wall for food and gas exchange
order atriodactyla
deer camel pigs cow sheep hippo
characterized by either two or four hoofed toes on each foot
order Carnivora
cats bears weasels raccoon wolf and skunk
most members of the order can be recognized by their enlarged fourth upper premolar and first lower molar, referred to as the carnassial pair. the outer incisor is often relatively large and canine like
Order Cetacea
wales and dolphins
all ____ shara a streamlined hairless body,
paddle-shaped front limbs, vestigial hind limb, no external digits or claws, flattened tail, and thick subcutaneous blubber layer
Oder Chiroptera
great elongation of the fingers that support the flying membrane
only mammals that can truly fly
Order insectivora
insect-eaters
hedgehogs moles and shrews (venomous)
primitive mammals that have a long sensitive snout
sharp teeth
conical cusps
and five clawed toes on each foot
Order Lagomorpha
rabbits hares pikas
four incisors in the upper jaw and have enamel on the front and back side of the incisors
large ears for body temp regulation ( hotter the temp that bigger the ears
Order Perissodactyla
odd-toed
horses rhinos tapirs
the third toe is the largest with other toes reduced in size
have hooves
and lack a rumen( partially digrests food with aid of bacteria; first stomach)
Order Primates
apes monkeys humans
binocular vision
five digits and opposable thumbs and big toes
adapted for life in trees
Oder Proboscidea
elephants, mammotha, mastodonts
trunk used to grab food and water
specialized teeth to graze
has a trunk
Order Rodentia
rats mice squirrels hampsters beavers
Have only 2 incisors above and below
incisors and grinding teeth, no canines and never more that two premolars in each jaw above and below
Oder Sirenia
sea cows manatees
two nostrils on top or at the front of a thick muzzle
no hind limbs, forelimbs modified into flippers and horizontally flattened tail
Order Xenarthra
sloths and armadillos
vertebral joints have extra articulations
most simple skulls of all mammals, and teeth are peg-like or absent
produces 4 identical bc one egg splits to repeatedly to make each
caries human lepresy
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