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APUSH Notes: Period 1 (1491-1607)

Terms in this set (11)

Why 1491 - 1607 was chosen as the dates for period 1
1491 is one year prior to the arrival of Columbus and Europeans, and 1607 is the year England established a permanent settlement at Jamestown
Maize
Corn; Cultivated in present-day Mexico and spread to the SW portion of the US. Native American societies were built around maize.

1491 is one year prior to the arrival of Columbus and Europeans, and 1607 is the year England established a permanent settlement at Jamestown
Great Plains and Great Basin
Located in the central/western portion of the US; a lack of natural resources led Natives to live a nomadic lifestyle in these regions.
Columbian Exchange
Exchange of goods, ideas, diseases, and people between the Americas, Africa, and Europe. Each region was significantly impacted as a result of trade and contact.
Encomienda System
Spanish system of granting land to colonists in the new world. Exploited natives and resources. Eventually, Natives were replaced with African slave labor.
Role of the Spanish and Portuguese traders
Settled heavily in South America, reached West Africa and contributed to the development of the African Slave Trade.
American goods that transformed European life
Maize, potatoes, and other crops - helped increase European population and the shift from feudalism to capitalism
European goods that transformed Native life
Horses - improved hunting and warfare for Natives (especially in the Great Plains and Basin), weapons and alcohol helped increase the destructiveness of warfare
Technologies that allowed for increased trade and contact
Sextant - helped determine longitude and latitude
How did Europeans justify the subjugation of Africans and Natives?
White racial superiority, bible, view of groups as "savages"
Examples of Africans seeking to preserve autonomy
Autonomy means independent or to have some form of self- government. Africans ran away and formed maroon communities, and combined elements of Christianity and African religions
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