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CFS 3055 - Exam 4

Terms in this set (87)

Themes in social and emotional development (AND cognitive development) - 3
1) new human is active in its own social and emotional development 2) critical importance of adult-new human relationship 3) new human comes with "tools" to participate in its own socio-emotional dev., esp. constructing a relationship with an adult
6 tools that new humans comes equipped with to attract another human and to encourage the development of a caring, nurturing relationship
crying, cuteness, ability to express emotions, social referencing, organized cycles & rhythms of states of alertness, turn-taking ability
Mickey evolves using the principles of ______________
cuteness
characteristics of cuteness
big eyes, fat cheek, no neck, big forehead, soft face, retrieving chin
crying is a congenitally ________________ ______________
organized behavior
around 7 month babies are able to express what emotion?
fear
able to express (6) emotions within 3 months
joy, anger, interest, disgust, sadness, overstimulation
important signal; baby will put thumb in their mouth, turn head away - this means nervous system is strung out and baby is done for now
over stimulation
important in the development of emotional regulation
social references Ex. baby sees roach and looks at mom before picking up to see her reaction
organized cycles and rhythms of states of alternates make is easier for the ____________
parents
Ex. making a sound at baby and having the baby make the sound back
turn-taking ability
smooth coordination of behaviors between mom and baby
interactional synchrony
short phrase, high pitch, many dips and rises - unsure if it is learned or natural - seen throughout many cultures (words are pronounced correctly)
motherease
importance of mother's ability to be able to read infant's ________
signals
_______________ nature of mother-infant relationship (we are changed by the interaction - baby influences mom emotionally and mom influences the baby emotionally)
transactional
temperament is overall _____ of responding to the world; not ______ we do but _____ we do what we do
style . what , how
temperament is (5)
1) biologically based 2) influenced by caregivers and surroundings 3) fairly stable across situations and time 4) made up of dimensions; numbers of dimensions varies with particular model 5) assessed with a questionnaire
all models (questionaries) include the new human's (2)
1) activity level 2) responsiveness to stimulation
goodness-of-fit between ______, __________, and ________________ - must compare to measure family temperament
baby , mom , environment
2 dimensions of Rothbart Model (2)
reactivity , self-regulation
refers to quickness and intensity of emotional arousal, attention, and motor activity
reactivity
refers to strategies that modify that reactivity
self-regulation
"father" of attachment theory
John Bowlby
attachment theory joins ___ ideas from ___ theories
4 , 3
Psychoanalysis is only value in ________'s theory
Freud
ideas from what theory? 1) enormity of mental activity that occurs outside of consciousness 2) earliest experiences last forever and influences us forever
psychoanalysis
idea from what theory? 3) species - typical behavior that provide survival values for the species (typical behavior for us like walking on two legs, talking, etc. are behaviors that have helped us survive)
ethology
idea from what theory? 4) mind is a construction, constructed through interactive experience (especially with mom) with the world in the form of mental representation
Piaget's cognitive-development theory
All four concepts of attachment theory are woven together to form _________ __________ ___________
internal working model
strong emotional relationship that develops between new human and its caregiver (Pierce's definition)
"attachment"
______ is NOT the same as attachment
love
we either have a __________ or____________ attachment
secure , insecure
biochemical process that happens in the mother when holding baby is ___________ and ____________'s definition of bonding
Klaus and Kennell
between mom AND baby = __________________
mom TO baby = ______________
attachment , bonding
Bowlby interest in _______ and _____________ in Tavistock Hospital (children's ward)
loss and separation
Bowlby argued that everyone born has a primary need to be ____________ ____________ to others
meaningfully connected
Bowlby studied maternal separation/deprivation from ___________
mother
the two A's - reading baby _____________ and responding _____________
accurately , appropriately
primitive, isolated pre-attachment behaviors of very young child (5) these all have ONE goal ___________ to the mother
clinging, crying, cooing, following, smiling, proximity (to mother)
"attachment" behaviors of adult (2)
proximity, responsiveness
organized attachment behaviors of older infants (3)
stranger anxiety, separation anxiety, secure-base bahviors
"mother"of attachment theory"
Mary Ainsworth
Ainsworth devised laboratory measure for attachment classification "_______________'s ___________ ____________"
Ainsworth's Strange Situation
Ainsworth's Strange Situation - baby's behaviors are used to measure baby's _______________ _____________
attachment classification
shows distress in absence of mom and in presence of stranger - is readily and easily calmed by mom
secure attachment (type b)
shows distress in absence of mom and in presence of stranger - ____________ (does not reject nor accept) to mom's attempts to soothe or calm
insecure/ambivalent attachment (type c)
may or may not show distress in absence of mom and in presence of stranger - refuses mom's attempt to soothe or calm
insecure/avoidant attachment (type a)
a psychological (mental) organized structure that underlies several particular behaviors (stranger anxiety, separation anxiety, secure-base behaviors)
IWM
Attachment figure is usually?
mom
Infant/toddler's behaviors in Strange Situation are outward signs of something that's going on inside the _______
child
she/he is forming ____________ ______________ of self and others that will serve as a filter for understanding and perceiving future relationships and social interactions
mental representations
may or may not show distress in absence of mom and in presence of stranger "refuses mom's attempts to soothe or calm"
type A: "insecure/avoidant" attachment
shows distress in absence of mom and in presence of stranger " is readily and easily called by mom"
type B: "secure" attachment
shows distress in absence of mom and in presence of stranger "ambivalent to mom's attempts to soothe or calm"
type C: "insecure/ambivalent(hesitant/resistant)" attachment
an emotionally-filled mental representation of self, other, and relationships that direct attention and organize memory in a way that guides interpersonal behavior and interprets social experiences is who's definition of IWM
Jay Belsky's
internal working model in future relationships, it is the mechanism through which we _______ relationships and environments that confirm our understanding, _______ relationships consistent with our understanding of self-other, _________ our relation exception onto ambiguous situations; _______ confirming maintaining responses from others
select , interpret , project , evoke
(Grossmann Study) securely attached moms had what type of kids?
securely attached kids
(Grossmann Study) idealized and hostile/defensiveness moms had what type of kids?
insecure kids
(Grossmann Study) anxious attached/valued attachment moms had what type of kids?
securely attached kids (this was not passed along)
will not make the distinction of gender and sex because you cannot separate biology and _______________
socialization
stereotyped activities are determined by who?
society
2 primary questions of sex-typing
what (are those activities) and how/why (sex-typing comes about)
refers to person's tendency to adopt the stereotype activities, values, motives, behaviors, and preferences
sex-typing
In the United States, childcare setting providing the very worst care tend to
serve middle-SES families
childcare quality tends to be the lowest in
for-profit childcare centers
sleep more, more eye contact, better organized, more developed mentally
girls
more motor activity, grow faster, more vulnerable to infection, less organized, less developed mentally
boys
cube example - boys are more likely to get question right because of?
special ability
cognitive development approach (of sex-typing) stresses development of (2)
cognitive structures (gender constancy) and knowledge (gender-role knowledge)
the understanding that our gender is a fixed part of ourselves
gender constancy
knowing one's own gender (3 yrs.)
gender identity
understanding that one's gender does not change over time (4 yrs.)
gender stability
understanding that one's gender does not change with superficial changes in hair, dress, behaviors (5 yrs.)
gender consistency
understanding that certain toy, activity, or personal characteristic is considered more appropriate for one sex than another
gender-role knowledge
once child acquires gender identity (3 yrs. old) they then seek out info about how people of own gender act - what is the problem with this?
we find sex typing and preferences BEFORE acquisition of gender constancy
sex-typing may be two processes at work (2)
cognitive development approach , social-learning approach
mechanisms of social-learning approach (3)
observational learning/modeling, social reinforcement, sex-types labeling
learning comes from toys, movies, video games, etc. is an example of
observational learning/modeling
we encourage kids to play with gender correct toys - fathers in force this greatly is an example of
social reinforcement
gender label tend to maintain a __________
stereotype
(Money's study - androgenized females) if DNA found child is female BEFORE 18 months
adjust and comes normal female
(Money's study - androgenized females) if DNA found child is female AFTER 36 months
never except gender identity
Money suggest there is a window between ___ months and ___ months where we develop gender identity
18 , 36
(baby-x technique) crying baby - boy is? girl is?
boy - angry , girl - afraid
masculine sex role - instrumental or expressive characteristics?
instrumental
feminine sex role - intrumental or expressive characteristics?
expressive
______________ is the most important construct we will study
attachment
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