Upgrade to remove ads

Only $2.99/month

AP Psychology Test 8

Terms in this set (91)

the properties that distinguish organisms on the basis of their reproductive roles

roles assigned by society to people of each gender

gender identity

your identity as it is experienced with regard to your individuality as male or female

condition in which a person assumes the identity and permanently acts the part of the gender opposite to his or her biological sex

gender-schema theory

the theory that children learn from their cultures a concept of what it means to be male and female and that they adjust their behavior accordingly

showing characteristics of both sexes

impaired ability to learn to read

health psychology

a subfield of psychology that provides psychology's contribution to behavioral medicine

(psychology) a state of mental or emotional strain or suspense

psychological suffering

sources of stress

annoyances of daily life that impose a stressful burden

unrelieved stress that continues to tax a person's resources to the point of exhaustion; stress that is damaging to health.

the feeling of discouragement and irritation that came fromnot being able to achieving ones goal

a state of opposition between persons or ideas or interests

post traumatic stress disorder

a reaction to stress such as wartime suffering or rape, arising after the event is over

type a behavior pattern

A behavior pattern marked by a sense of time urgency, impatience, excessive competitiveness, hostility, and anger; considered a risk factor in coronary heart disease.

type b behavior pattern

a pattern of behavior characterized by relaxed, noncompetitive, easygoing, and accommodating behavior

acculturative stress

demands faced by immigrants in adjusting to a host culture

general adaptation syndrome

Seyle's concept that the body responds to stress with alarm, resistance and exhaustion

first stage of the general adaptation syndrome, involving mobilization of the body's resurces to cope with an immediate stressor

fight-or-flight response

a physical reaction triggered by the sympathetic nervous system preparing the body to fight or run from a threatening situation

resistance stage

The second stage of the general adaptation syndrome, when there are intense physiological efforts to either resist or adapt to the stressor.

exhaustion stage

wrong tactics are used to resist: distress over a long period of time, weakens immune system, can result in death

corticotrophin-releasing hormone

hormone released by the hypothalamus that induces the pituitary gland to release adrenocorticotrophic hormone

adrenocorticotrophic hormone

a hormone produced by the anterior pituitary gland that stimulates the adrenal cortex

a pair of endocrine glands just above the kidneys. the adrenals secrete the hormones epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine (noradrenaline), which help to arouse the body in times of stress.

the cortex of the adrenal gland

corticosteroids

agents that decrease inflammation or itching

adrenal medulla

secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine

a system (including the thymus and bone marrow and lymphoid tissues) that protects the body from foreign substances and pathogenic organisms by producing the immune response

Make antibodies to destroy foreign pathogens

foreign substances that trigger the attack of antibodies in the immune response.

Specialized proteins that aid in destroying infectious agents

injection of a weakened or mild form of a pathogen to produce immunity

psychological hardiness

cluster of traits that may buffer the effects of stress

exhaustion of physical or emotional strength or motivation, usually as a result of prolonged stress or frustration

the complex of all the attributes--behavioral, temperamental, emotional and mental--that characterize a unique individual

psychoanalytic theory

A theory developed by Freud that attempts to explain personality, motivation, and mental disorders by focusing on unconscious determinants of behavior

knowing and perceiving

in Freud's theory, the level of consciousness in which thoughts and feelings are not conscious but are readily retrieveable to consciousness

that part of the mind wherein psychic activity takes place of which the person is unaware

(psychoanalysis) primitive instincts and energies underlying all psychic activity

(psychoanalysis) the conscious mind

(psychoanalysis) that part of the unconscious mind that acts as a conscience

pleasure principle

(psychoanalysis) the governing principle of the id

reality principle

(psychoanalysis) the governing principle of the ego

defense mechanisms

in psychoanalytic theory, the ego's protective methods of reducing anxiety by unconsciously distorting reality

(psychiatry) the classical defense mechanism that protects you from impulses or ideas that would cause anxiety by preventing them from becoming conscious

(psychiatry) a defense mechanism that denies painful thoughts

reaction formation

(psychiatry) a defense mechanism in which a person unconsciously develops attitudes and behavior that are the opposite of unacceptable repressed desires and impulses and serve to conceal them

rationalization

(psychiatry) a defense mechanism by which your true motivation is concealed by explaining your actions and feelings in a way that is not threatening

(psychiatry) a defense mechanism by which your own traits and emotions are attributed to someone else

(psychology) modifying the natural expression of an impulse or instinct (especially a sexual one) to one that is socially acceptable

(psychiatry) a defense mechanism in which you flee from reality by assuming a more infantile state

(psychiatry) a defense mechanism that transfers affect or reaction from the original object to some more acceptable one

erogenous zones

areas of the body that are particularly sensitive to sexual stimulation

constellations of personality traits characteristic of a particular stage of psychosexual development, resulting from either excessive or inadequate gratification of that stage

(psychoanalysis) the first sexual and social stage of an infant's development

(psychoanalysis) the second sexual and social stage of a child's development during which bowel control is learned

anal-retentive personality

a person fixated in the anal stage who is neat, fussy, stingy, and stubborn

anal-expulsive personality

a person fixated in the anal stage who is messy, destructive, and hostile

(psychoanalysis) the third stage in a child's development when awareness of and manipulation of the genitals is supposed to be a primary source of pleasure

oedipus complex

according to Freud, a boy's sexual desires toward his mother and feelings of jealousy and hatred for the rival father

electra complex

conflict during phallic stage in which girls supposedly love their fathers romantically and want to eliminate their mothers as rivals

castration anxiety

(psychoanalysis) anxiety resulting from real or imagined threats to your sexual functions

(psychoanalysis) a female's presumed envy of the male's penis

(psychoanalysis) the fourth period (from about age 5 or 6 until puberty) during which sexual interests are supposed to be sublimated into other activities

(psychoanalysis) the fifth sexual and social stage in a person's development occurring during adolescence

collective unconsciousness

in jungian theory, the universal memories and experiences of humankind, represented in the symbols, stories, and images that occur across all cultures

emotionally charged images and thought forms that have universal meaning

individual psychology

The term for Adler's approach, which views people as motivated by purposes and goals and as striving for perfection over pleasure.

Adler's theory of the self-aware part of personality that organizes goal-seeking efforts

inferiority complex

a sense of personal inferiority arising from conflict between the desire to be noticed and the fear of being humiliated

drive for superiority

Adler's term for the motivation to compensate for feelings of inferiority. Also called the will-to-power

Horney's theory of the deep-seated form of anxiety in children that is associated with feelings of being isolated and helpless in a world perceived as potentially threatening and hostile

basic hostility

Horney's term for feelings of resentment or anger toward parents (and later others) as result of being neglected or dealt with harshly as a child

characteristics that are inherited

cardinal traits

Allport's term to describe personality traits that dominate an individual's life, such as passion to serve others or to accumulate wealth

Allport's term for personality characteristics that have a widespread influence on the individual's behavior across situations

secondary traits

Allport's term for specific traits that influence behavior in relatively few situations

aspects of personality that can easily be seen by other people in the outward actions of a person

Cattell's term for traits at a deep level of personality that are not apparent in observed behavior but must be inferred based on underlying relationships among surface traits

introversion-extroversion

one of the three underlying dimensions of personality in Eysenck's model, referring to tendencies toward being solitary and reserved on the one end or outgoing and sociable on the other end

a mental or personality disturbance not attributable to any known neurological or organic dysfunction

one of the three underlying dimensions of personality in Eysenck's model, referring to tendencies to be perceived as cold and antisocial

five-factor model (FFM)

dominant contemporary trait model of personality, consisting of five broad personality factors: neuroticism, extraversion, openness, agreeableness, and conscientiousness

social-cognitive theory

theoretical perspective that focuses on how people learn by observing others and how they eventually assume control over their own behavior

Bandura; personal references; how people write their behavior in a variety of situations to help guide behavior in the future

subjective value

The perceived value of an item based on the benefits given to the ‎owner. ‎

locus of control

The amount of control that a person feels he or she has over the environment

THIS SET IS OFTEN IN FOLDERS WITH...

AP Psychology- Test 1

92 terms

AP Psychology Test 2

93 terms

AP Psych Test 4

81 terms

AP Psychology Test 6

91 terms

YOU MIGHT ALSO LIKE...

Test 8

79 terms

ch 12 personality

72 terms

11 Personality

89 terms

Chapter 11

49 terms

OTHER SETS BY THIS CREATOR

AP Psychology Test 11

91 terms

AP PSychology Test 9

91 terms

AP Psychology Test 9

91 terms

AP Psychology Test 7

91 terms