Chordata

Terms in this set (69)

flexible cartilaginous rod on the dorsal side that supports body, anchors internal muscles, and allows rapid, versatile movement

dorsal hollow nerve cord

develops into the nervous system, in vertebrates it differentiates into the brain and spinal cord

pharyngeal gill slits

aid in filter feeding or gas exchange

extends beyond the anus and provides thrust in water or balance on land

incurrent siphon (tunicate)

where water with food particles enters, connected to the pharynx

endostyle (tunicate)

secretes a mucous sheet to trap food particles

excurrent siphon (tunicate)

where water exits the body

characteristics missing in adult tunicate

these characteristics are missing in the _____; postanal tail, dorsal nerve cord, and notocord

subphylum of Chordata that consists of tunicates

Cephalochordata

subphylum of Chordata that consists of lancelets

cilia like tentacles that line the mouth of lancelets

segemented body muscles of lancelets

subphylum of Chordata that has more advantced features (vertebral column, cranium, endoskeleton, and joint appendages)

vertebral column

replaces the notochord during embryonic development; a bony structure which encloses and protects the dorsal nerve cord

a distinct and well differentiated head, with a skull and brain

made of cartilage or bone, provides structure within the animal

cartilage and bone

specialized tissue containing fibers of protein collagen which are compacted together, strong but not brittle

joint appendages

two pairs of limbs, such as fins, wings, legs, forelimbs, etc

a class sometimes classified in the subphylum Vertebrata, consist of hagfish

hagfish characteristics

most primitive fish, no vertebrae (maintain notochord), posses a cranium made of cartilage, secretes a huge amount of mucus for protection, jawless, lack scales

a class in the subphylum Vertebrata, consists of lampreys

characteristics of lampreys

has a vertebral column (made of cartilage), a jawless mouth, eel-like body, parasitic by sucking out body fluids

a class in the subphylum Vertebrata, consists of sharks, skates, and rays

characteristics of Chondrichthyes

posses cartilaginous jaws and skeletons, no swim bladder, most are marine, posses tough skales

a class in the subphylum Vertebrata, consists of flatfish, perch, seahorse, sturgeon, etc

characteristics of Actinopterygii

use gills for gas exchange, posses a lateral line, posses swim bladders

a sensory organ which detects vibrations in the water

maintains buoyancy and a vertical position in water

a body flap that covers delicate gills

a class in the subphylum Vertebrata, lobe-finned fishes (lungfish and coelocanth), only 8 species still alive, posses bony skeletons and jaws

partially use lungs to breath, thought to have given rise to land vertebrates

thought to be extinct for many years until 1938 when a fishing group caught one

a class in the subphylum Vertebrata, have free-swimming larva, dependent on water for reproduction

cannot regulate their body temperate independently of the environment

a class in the subphylum Vertebrata, first group to evolve the amniotic egg

fertilized internally, allows gas exchange across the shell, protects the developing embryo from water loss

a class in the subphylum Vertebrata, capable of flight, have lightweight bones,

regulate their internal body temperature

a class in the subphylum Vertebrata, have body hair, two pairs of appendages, mammary glands, internal fertilization

located at anterior end of trachea, produces sound (voicebox)

a tube with visible cartilage rings extending from larynx to the lungs, conducts air to the lungs

a large, lobular gland located on either side of the trachea, plays a role in developing immunity

lobular gland located on either side of the trachea, just posterior to the larynx, regulates metabolism

location of gas exchange between alveoli and blood

contracts to pump blood through the body

pericardial sac

protective membrous sac enclosing the heart

large fat muscle dividing thoracic cavity from abdominopelvic cavity, a major muscle of respiration

protective membranous sac enclosing organs of abdominoplevic cavity

large brown organ, posterior to the diaphragm on right side of abdominal cavity; produces bile, stores glycogen, regulates glucose levels in the blood, removes toxins

lies underneath the liver, may appear greenish in color; stores bile and releases it to aid in digestion

duct running between gallbladder and small intestine, transports bile

large, J-shaped organ, lies just posterior to diaphragm on left side of abdominal cavity; mixes food with gastric juices to form watery chyme and begins protein digestion

flat, elongated, reddish organ attached by mesentry to the bottom of the stomach, removes worn out red blood cells; houses large population of white blood cells

soft mass of tissue lying between stomach and small intestine, secretes digestive enzymes for carbohydrates, proteins, fats and buffers to neutralize acidic food; secretes insulin and glucagon to regulate blood glucose level

small intestine

loosely coiled tube that connects stomach to large intestine, mixes food with digestive enzymes and bile to complete digestion of food and absorb nutrients

duodenum, jejunum, and ileum

components of small intestine

colon, rectum, anus

components of large intestine

large intestine

connects small intestine to outside of body via anus, absorbs water to form feces

two large bean shaped organs behind the peritoneal membrane; produces urine to remove excess water and nitrogenous wastes from the body

tube running between kidneys and urinary bladder, transports urine from kidneys to urinary bladder

urinary bladder

sac-like organ connected to ureters, stores urine

leaves the bladder and runs parallel to the rectum, transports semen and urine to the outside of body

pair of oval-shaped organs in the scrotal sac, produce sperm and secrete male sex hormones

coiled tubules around the testes, store sperm; sperm matures here

tube extending from epididymis to urethra, transports sperm to urethra

pair of small, oval shaped organs; lie deep in the abdominopelvic cavity posterior to the kidneys; produce ova and secrete female sex hormones

oviducts (fallopian tubes)

small, coiled tubes attached to each ovary, transport ova to the uterus

site of fertilization

begin as a continuation of the uterine tubes and unite in the midline, site of fetal development

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