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Social Studies Chapter 9

Terms in this set (50)

Thomas Jefferson
President of the United States; inaugurated in March 1801; Republican.
Aaron Burr
Jefferson's running mate.
Laissez fair
The government should not interfere in the economy.
John Marshall
Chief Justice who spoke for an unanimous court.
Judicial review
The authority of the Supreme Court to strike down unconstitutional laws.
Why did the election of 1800 have to be decided in the House of Representatives?
Because both Jefferson and Burr had received 73 votes.
What action did Jefferson take as President to help those convicted under the Sedition Act?
A number of people and been convicted and fined under the Sedition Act, so Jefferson ordered those fines refunded and those imprisoned under the Sedition Act were released.
What is judicial review?
The authority of the Supreme Court to strike down unconstitutional laws.
How did Jefferson's inauguration demonstrate the changes he planned for the U.S. government?
Jefferson believed the government should be less aristocratic. To make a point, he walked to his inauguration instead if riding in a fancy carriage. He also ended the custom of people bowing to the President. Instead, they just shook hands. He wore simple clothing and reconciled differences in his speech.
How did Jefferson's policies change the American government?
Eared party, allowed many Federalists to keep their government jobs, pay off state debts using federal money, reduce government expresses to reduce federal power, eliminate all federal taxes, shrunk the military, and cut the number of government employees.
-Shrunk the government and limited the power of the government.
Expedition
A long carefully organized journey.
Continental divide
The place on a continental that separates river systems flowing in opposite directions.
Meriwether Lewis
Army captain who was chosen by Jefferson to lead the exploration.
William Clark
Army officer who was chosen by Lewis as his coleader.
Zebulon Pike
Explored the southern part of the Louisiana Territory from 1806 to 1807.
What important right did the United States gain with the Picknery Treaty of 1795?
The Picknery Treaty guaranteed the Americans' right to ship their goods down the Mississippi to New Orleans.
Why did President Jefferson hesitate to approve the purchase of the Louisiana Territory?
The Constitution nowhere stated that the President has the power to buy land from a foreign country. He called it a treaty to get around it.
What goals did President Jefferson set for Lewis and Clark's expedition?
Lewis and Clark were ordered to report back on geography, plants, animals, and other natural features of the region. Jefferson wanted Lewis and Clark to make contact with Native Americans who lived in the Louisiana Territory. The President also wanted Lewis and Clark to find out if a waterway existed between the Mississippi River and the Pacific Ocean.
Why was New Orleans important to the United States?
Most western settlers were farmers. Because there were few roads in the West, they relied on the Mississippi to ship their crops to the port at New Orleans. From there, the goods were loaded in ships and carried to markets in the East.
What was the significance of the Louisiana Purchase?
It proved an amazing bargain for the U.S. It's area almost doubled the size of the country. Although largely unexplored, the region clearly had millions of areas of fertile farmland and other natural resources. Also, we had control of the Mississippi River.
Who was Sacagawea, and how was she important to the success of the Lewis and Clark expedition?
She was a Native American Shoshone who would travel, with Lewis and Clark and serve as translator. Lewis met a group of Shoshone leaders and the Shoshone chief was Savagawea's brother. The Shoshone's agreed to sell the expedition horses that were needed to cross the mountains.
How was Pike's expedition similar to that of Lewis and Clark's? How was it different?
It was similar because Pike was traveling unexplored territory. It was different because Pike had to turn back.
Tribute
Money paid by one country to another in return for protection.
Stephen Decatur
Led the American sailors who raided Tripoli harbor in 1804 and burned the Philadelphia down to the waterline.
Embargo
A government order that forbids foreign trade.
Smuggling
The act of illegally importing or exporting goods.
Tecumseh
Brother of Tenskwatawa; a Shawnee; began urging Native American resistance.
William Henry Harrison
Governor of the Indiana territory.
How did European nations protect themselves against raids by the Barbary Pirates?
By paying the Barbary pirates tribute.
Why did Britain and France attack American merchant ships?
Britain and France looked for ways to weaken each other. One method was to cut off the other country's foreign trade. Britain warships started seizing American ships trading with France. French warships did the same to American ships trading with Britain.
Why did President Jefferson place an embargo on foreign goods in 1807?
He tried to force Britain and France to have neutrality with the U.S.
What actions did Tecumseh and the Prophet urge on their followers?
They urged Native American resistance, tried to preserve traditions of theirs, and they wanted the tribe to stop quarreling with each other and united to one league.
Who were the Barbary Pirates?
Pirates who began attacking American ships in the Mediterranean Sea.
What was the United States risking when it refused to pay tribute to the Barbary pirates? Why do you think Jefferson believed it was worth the risk?
The U.S. was risking the lives of the people and the cargo on the ships. I think Jefferson believed it was worth the risk because he wanted to try and show other country's that the U.S. wasn't going to deal with these things lightly.
How did settlement in the West affect the Native Americans who lived there?
They were forced to move, they caught diseases, they had land taken from them, and their population decreased.
Why were Native Americans of the West more likely to favor the British than the Americans?
The Native Americans more likely favored the British because they were not trying to take their land like the American's were.
Nationalism
Pride in one's country.
War hawk
Those who were eager for war with Britain.
Blochade
The action of shutting a port or road to prevent people or supplies from coming into an area or leaving it.
Oliver Hazard Perry
The American commander; switched to another ship and continued the fight until it was won.
Andrew Jackson
Took command of American forces in Georgia.
Secede
Withdraw.
In what regions of the United States was the support for war with Britain the strongest?
In the south and the west. New England opposed war.
Why was the United States unprepared for war?
Jefferson's spending cuts had weakened American military strength, the navy had only 16 warships ready for action, and the army also was small, with fewer than 7,000 men.
They didn't have a lot of money.
What is the connection between the Battle of Lake Erie and the Battle of the Thames?
Lake Eerie won, followed British into Canada. Then they defeated them in the Battle of the Thames. -America was in control of Lake Erie and there was success in both battles.
What was the purpose of the Hartford Convention?
To get the Federalists to oppose the war and to send delegates so that they could meet with Congress.
Who were the war hawks? Why did they push for war with Britain?
The War hawks were several young members of Congress that started the war against Britain. They were led by Clay and Calhoon.
Were the war hawks overconfident? What did they overlook in their evaluation of Britain power?
They were overconfident. They overlooked the weaknesses of the U.S. military.
How did the war of 1812 end?
The treaty of Ghent. It returned things back to the way it used to be.
What were some results of the war that were not expressly written in the treaty?
All of Europe finally began to respect us, New England and the rest of the U.S. united, and there was great pride from the U.S.
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