World Religion Week 14

Terms in this set (68)

The Japanese artistic practice of ikebana involves ________ .
flower arranging
The primary source of Confucius' sayings and teachings on how to govern in the period of Lesser Prosperity is known as the ________ .
Analects
'Shinto' means ________ .
the way of the kami
What popular bodhisattva is known in Japan for his ability to free tormented souls from hell, as well as protect children and travellers?
Jizo (or Ojizo-sama).
What tradition was associated with Japanese imperialism in Korea in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries?
***Christianity.
***Daoism.
The kami in Japanese tradition are ________ .
individual spirits associated with specific natural phenomena, powers, and places
When did "Shinto" begin to take form as a distinct and self-conscious entity?
***Modern times, especially WWII.
The word 'Zen' is the Japanese version of what Chinese word?
Chan.
Which influential Japanese Buddhist monk believed that believed that the only path to salvation, for the individual and for the nation, lay in the teachings of the Lotus Sutra?
Nichiren.
Next to the Daodejing, what is considered the main source of philosophical Daoism?
The Zhuangzi.
What is the 'silver rule', found in Confucian tradition?
"What you would not want for yourself, do not do to others."
What change in religious concepts and in understanding of the universe occurred between the Shang and Zhou dynasties in ancient China?
A shift in emphasis from the more personal 'Lord on High' to the impersonal concept of Heaven.
In Japan, the butsudan is ________ .
a household altar
Mengzi (Mencius) put emphasis on ________, the "flood-like vital force, energy or ether."
qi
What new idea did Buddhism introduce to China?
karma
During what dynasty in China did the Five Classics originate?
Zhou
Which of the following is NOT considered a mythical founder/hero in China or Korea?
Ming.
During what period was there a renewal of Confucianism, often referred to as neo-Confucianism?
Song.
What important ritual, whose roots are in a combination of native Japanese, Korean, and Chinese folk beliefs, has been an enduring responsibility for all of Japan's religious traditions?
Calming and controlling unsettled spirits.
What Japanese form of minimalist poetry reflects the Zen emphasis on penetrating to the essence of reality?
Haiku.
Where are the Grand Shrines of Amaterasu located?
Ise.
During what period in Japan formerly syncretic Buddhist-Shinto institutions forcibly divided?
Meiji.
"Guiding and stretching exercises" similar to modern-day taiji (Tai Chi) are mentioned in early texts of what tradition?
Daoism.
Which central Confucian term has been translated as 'humaneness', 'benevolence', 'compassion', or 'goodness'?
ren
Central to most religious practices in Japan is ________ .
the pragmatic desire to secure various benefits, either in this world or in the next
In the Confucian tradition, xin is usually translated as _________ .
"heart-mind"
The ancient Chinese manual of divination, based on 64 hexagrams, is called the ________ .
Classic of Changes
According to the Nihon Shoki ('Chronicles of Japan'), what religion did the Korean ruler recommend to the Japanese king in the sixth century?
Buddhism.
Honji suijaku in Japanese tradition is the concept that ________ .
kami are local manifestations of buddhas or bodhisattvas
'Filial piety', emphasized by Confucius, means ________ .
respecting and caring for one's parents
What second-oldest book in Japan combines origin myths with accounts of the reigns of early emperors?
****The Kojiki.
***The Lotus Sutra.
***The Lankavatara.
In what period in Korea was there significant backlash against Buddhism?
Joseon.
In what traditional Japanese festival are the spirits of the departed honored?
Obon.
What first-century Confucian wrote Admonitions for Women about the proper cultivation of virtues for women?
Ban Zhao.
The eighth-century text containing the creation myths of Japan is called the ________ .
Kojiki
What system of thought or religion inspired the creation of four distinct classes (samurai, farmers, artisans, and merchants) in Japanese society?
Confucianism.
During what period was political or state Confucianism established in China?
Han.
What change in religious concepts and in understanding of the universe occurred between the Shang and Zhou dynasties in ancient China?
A shift in emphasis from the more personal 'Lord on High' to the impersonal concept of Heaven.
Which kami of the sun became the primary deity associated with the Japanese imperial family?
Amaterasu.
The ideal found in both the Daodejing and the Zhuangzi is ________ .
***cultural cultivation and social etiquette
What does the Chinese term Dao mean?
way
The Daoist practice known as qigong involves ________ .
breath exercises that help the movement of vital energy through the body
Around what time did Confucius live?
Sixth to fifth century BCE.
What Korean new religion combines Christian monotheism with East Asian (particularly Confucian) emphasis on balance and harmony with the universe?
The Religion of the Heavenly Way (Cheondogyo).
What codified samurai ethics is known as the 'way of the warrior'?
Bushido.
In Confucian tradition, li refers not only to religious ritual but also ________ .
the rules of social etiquette and everyday courtesy
The exemplary Confucian ('superior person') is known as a _________ .
junzi
The warrior elite in Japanese tradition are known as the ________ .
samurai
The 'degenerate age', during which it was believed Buddhist dharma would decline and corruption and conflict would increase, was known in Japan as ________ .
mappo
What is the nenbutsu?
A phrase that is repeatedly chanted as the central practice of Pure Land Buddhism.
Who developed Pure Land Buddhism, as we know it today, in Japan?
Honen.
How long is it believed to take an ancestor's spirit to fully leave the world in Japanese tradition?
33 years.
The term kamikaze, in reference to the suicide attacks by Japanese pilots on American naval vessels in the Second World War, means ________ .
***'holy warrior'
Amitabha, the central buddha of the Pure Land tradition, is known in Japan as ________ .
Amida.
The Kokugaku movement beginning in the late 1600s emphasized ________ .
the rejection of Confucianism and Buddhism in favor of "true" Japanese spiritual traditions
What topic addressed in the Laozi (or Daodejing) is shunned in the Zhuangzi?
***Harmony.
Confucians criticized Buddhist monasticism because ________ .
ascetic withdrawal from productive work was considered a shirking of responsibility, and an abandonment of the duties of filial piety
Who are the primordial kami couple in Japanese mythology?
Izanagi and Izanami.
The Daodejing (Classic of the Way and Power) is traditionally attributed to ________ .
Laozi
Who, along with Confucius himself, are considered China's three foremost philosophers of the Confucian tradition?
Mengzi (Mencius) and Xunzi.
What are the sanjiao, or 'three teachings', of Chinese tradition?
Confucianism, Daoism, and Buddhism.
In Confucian tradition, the term li refers to ________ .
'rites' or 'ritual'
The earliest Korean proto-state, associated with its national foundation myth, is called ________ .
**Goguryeo (Koguryo)
Which of the following aspects or practices of Buddhism was NOT criticized by Confucians and Daoists in the Six Dynasties period?
**The monastic tradition of begging for food.
Which major new religious movement traces its roots ultimately to the teachings of Nichiren?
Sokka Gakkai.
According to recent census information in South Korea, of those who claimed institutional affiliation, which two religions claim nearly all membership in that country?
Christianity and Buddhism.
Which of the following is NOT an example of common religious practice in Japan mentioned in the textbook?
Gathering weekly for communal worship and singing.
In what century was the first Buddhist temple in Japan constructed?
Sixth.
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