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Ancient Rome Final

Terms in this set (41)

Battle of Actium
31 BC
Year of the four emperors
69 BCE
Destruction of Corinth
146 BC
Founding of Rome
April, 753 BC
Beginning of the Republic
27 BCE
Beginning of the Principate
27 BC
When Christianity became the official state religion
380 AD
When the last western emperor was deposed
476 AD
To which family/dynasty did Domitian belong? Hadrian? Nero? Caracalla?
Domitian: Flavian
Hadrian:
Nero: Julio-Claudian
Caracalla:
What Roman senator discovered a plot to overthrow the government by Lucius Catiline?
Cicero
What famous brothers attempted to to fix the land distribution problem during the Republic?
The Gracchus brothers
Who was the Jewish leader in the Second Jewish War against Rome?
Simon Bar Kochba
Was Rome's empire-building deliberate?
no
In what sense and ways did the empire fall apart in the third century AD?
from 235 and 284:
-27 different men claimed to be emperors
◦ 16 were murdered by their own troops
◦ two committed suicide
◦ three were killed in fighting
◦ one died as a prisoner of his enemies
◦ only 4 died natural deaths
◦ in 238 AD, six claimants to the throne were killed within a five month
period
Is there a cause and effect relationship between the rise of Christianity and the decline of Rome? Are historians agreed about the details?
yes; no
Were the barbarian invaders well-organized? Were they necessarily militarily superior to Roman legions?
no;
What happens to Roman visual art in the fourth century?
individual expression is suppressed in favor of idealistic expression; Hellenistic realism disappears, anatomical correctness and proportion disappears.
Did Diocletian try to save the empire? What are some things he did?
yes; reorganized the army, reorganized the economy, reorganized the administration, and outlawed practices that were considered non-Roman
Did the imperial control of the church put an end to church schisms?
no
What is the problematic with the phrase "fall of Rome"?
It did not really fall, it really just faded away.
Did any modern scholars defend the idea that Rome "fell"?
yes
What radical thing did Caracalla do that affected thousands of people in the empire? Why did he do it?
Extended citizenship to all living in the empire. So they all had to pay the inheritance.
Which Roman emperor defeated the Parthians (and built a monument in Rome to brag about it)?
Augustus
What was the last monumental, commemorative arch built in Rome?
Arch of Theodosius
What was radical about Elagabalus' religious views?
Devotee of the god Elagabal (Syrian sun god).
What important "shifts" or changes happened in the third century AD?
-as very young men came to the throne in Rome, a shift and
weakness in power developed
-power was wielded mostly by their parents, guardians, aides, counselors, etc.
-a very weak base from which to rule, and led to a shift of power to the growing equestrian bureaucratic administration
Why was the lack of a clear successor to the "throne" a problem? Did Rome ever fix this?
It ensured there would be fighting over the throne at the death of the emperor; no
In what century did Rome experience wars of rebellion in both the east and the north?
3rd century
What was special about the year 238 AD?
Year of the Six Emperors
Which Roman emperor introduced the first official, government-sponsored persecution of Christians?
Trajan
Which emperor formed the tetrarchy? What titles were given to the four men who made up a tetrarchy?
Diocletian; "co-emperor" and "junior emperors"
What battle won Constantine sole control over the empire?
Mulvian Bridge, October 28, 312 AD
What important decision was made in 324 AD?
Constantinople was chosen as the "new capital"
Which supposedly Christian emperor actually tried to revive paganism?
Julian
What caused the peoples directly north of the Danube to cross that border southward and begin to flood the classical Roman empire?
Huns
Where did Roman forces suffer a surprising defeat at the hands of the Goths in 378 AD?
Adrianople, August 378 AD
When did the Goths sack Rome? the Vandals?
Goths: 410 AD
Vandals: 455 AD
Which Roman emperor commissioned "The Digest" (and what was it)?
Justinian; a collection of all previous laws
What was "wrong" with the Christians (as the Romans viewed it)?
refusal to worship the gods of the empire was interpreted as a threat to the empire itself, as disloyalty, and even opposition
Why were monotheists considered such a problem?
monotheism directly challenged the classical worldview
What cycle of events was created by the barbarian invasions (that ironically resulted in Rome's inability to repel the barbarians)?
provinces ceased paying imperial taxes, armies could not be paid in those provinces, and the territories were left undefended and ripe for further invasions.
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