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anatomy Final thorax

Terms in this set (59)

Which of the following is incorrect pertaining to the ribs?
The tubercle of a typical rib attaches to the inferior articular facet of the corresponding vertebrae.
Rib fractures:
in the lower ribs may be associated with tearing of the diaphragm.
The sternal angle:
indicates the location of the joint between the costal cartilage of the 2nd rib and the sternum.
Which of the following is incorrect pertaining to the sternum?
It may have a perforation (sternal foramen) that is sometimes the site of a pleural herniation, which is a life-threatening situation.
The superior thoracic aperture:
is, anatomically, the thoracic inlet.
Which of the following associations is incorrect?
joints between costal cartilage of ribs 2-7 and sternum—symphyses
Which of the following associations is incorrect?
external intercostal muscles—attach to the sternum
The endothoracic fascia:
provides a surgical cleavage plane between the thoracic wall and the costal parietal pleura.
A patient complains to you of pain in a limited strip on one side of his chest and back. Upon examination you notice that the skin associated with the T3 dermatome of that side is red with vesicular eruptions. Which of the following is your most reasonable conclusion about your patient's illness?
He has shingles (herpes zoster).
Which of the following is incorrect pertaining to the internal thoracic (mammary) artery?
It passes anterior to the clavicle.
A women patient complains to you that her breasts have a strange appearance. Upon examination you notice dimples in the skin of her breast. You know that the most likely explanation for these dimples (peau d' orange sign) is:
interference with lymph drainage.
Lymphatic drainage of the breast:
is principally to the ipsilateral axillary nodes.
Simple mastectomy for breast cancer involves removal of:
all breast tissue superficial to the retromammary space.
Your examination of a male patient reveals a tender subareolar mass in his breast. Which of the following conditions is most likely based on this finding?
cancer
It is common to explain the relationships between the lung and surrounding structures by using the analogy of a fist inserted into a balloon. Accordingly, which of the following group of associations would be accurate?
fist—lung; space between inner and outer balloon layers—pleural cavity; outer layer of balloon—parietal pleura
Pertaining to the pleura, the:
parietal and visceral layers of pleura are continuous at the pulmonary ligament.
A plain radiograph of a patient following a knife wound to the left side of his neck showed elevation of the left hemidiaphragm, narrowing of the left intercostals spaces, and displacement of the trachea to the left. You suspect:
pneumothorax due to knife penetration of the cervical pleura.
Which of the following would be the safest locations to insert a needle for thoracocentesis of the pleural cavity during expiration?
immediately superior to the 10th rib at the midaxillary line
During auscultation of the lungs:
pleural rub sounds indicate pleuritis or pleurisy.
Which of the following is incorrect pertaining to the surface anatomy of the lungs?
The apex of each lung is in contact with the diaphragm.
Which of the following is incorrect pertaining to bronchopulmonary segments?
Each is separated from adjacent segments by visceral pleura.
Spread of bronchiogenic carcinoma to the bronchiomediastinal lymph nodes might be indicated by:
distorted and displaced carina.
Which of the following is incorrect pertaining to any bronchial artery or vein?
arises from the pulmonary trunk
Almost immediately following a compound fracture of the femur in an automobile accident, an otherwise healthy patient suffered severe distress and died. The most likely cause of drespiratoryeath was:
pulmonary fat embolism.
Which of the following pertaining to lung (bronchiogenic) carcinoma is least likely?
enlarged axillary nodes
Which of the following is incorrect pertaining to the innervation of the lung or any part of the pleura?
Intrinsic smooth muscle is supplied by phrenic nerve.
Which of the following is incorrect pertaining to the anatomy of the lung and/or pleura?
The parietal pleural generally extends three ribs inferior to the lung.
All of the following are true of the mediastinum except:
it contains the lungs.
Which of the following is incorrect pertaining to the pericardium?
It has pain fibers that are conveyed by the intercostal nerves.
Cardiac tamponade refers to:
the buildup of fluid in the pericardial cavity that impedes the pumping of the heart.
Which of the following is incorrect pertaining to the apex of the heart?
It is bisected by the coronary groove.
Which of the following associations is incorrect?
left border of the heart—mainly left atrium
Which of the following structures is not associated with the right atrium?
tendinous chords (chordae tendinea)
The septomarginal trabeculae (moderator band) is important because it:
conducts subendocardial branches (Purkinje fibers) from the AV node to the anterior papillary muscle.
The mitral valve:
is associated with a condition (mitral valve prolapse) in which blood regurgitates into the left atrium when the left ventricle contracts.
Stenosis of the aortic valve is associated with all of the following except:
acute occurrence.
"Dominance" of the coronary arterial system is determined by the coronary artery that:
supplies the posterior interventricular artery (posterior descending artery).
The right coronary artery typically:
supplies both the AV and SA nodes.
Following a heart attack you tell a patient that he now has a myocardial infarction. You explain this as:
an area of his myocardium that is necrotic.
In the emergency room you examine a patient experiencing angina pectoris. Which of the following is least likely to be associated with your patient?
decreased oxygen exchange in the lungs
All of the following are true pertaining to coronary bypass surgery except:
it can only be done after a coronary angioplasty procedure.
Which of the following associations is incorrect?
anterior cardiac veins—terminate in the coronary sinus
Which of the following is not true of the SA node?
It sends impulses directly to the interventricular bundle of subendocardial branches (fibers).
A moderately obese 55-year-old woman wishes to start an exercise program. She seeks your advice prior to beginning this program, and you recommend that she have a treadmill stress test. Which of the following is incorrect pertaining to this test?
The results of the test show the minimal heart rate the patient should strive for while exercising.
All of the following may be associated with a "heart block" except:
section of the superior part of the thoracic sympathetic trunk.
Which of the following is incorrect pertaining to the pattern of referred pain typically associated with angina pectoris?
may be felt in left fingers
Which of the following is incorrect pertaining to the arch of the aorta?
The ligamentum arteriosum connects to the superior aspect of the arch at its most superior point.
Which of the following is incorrect pertaining to coarctation of the aorta?
It is typically associated with reduced blood flow to the brain.
Which of the following is not true of the right vagus nerve?
It gives rise to a branch that supplies sensory innervation to the diaphragm.
Which of the following is not true of the left phrenic nerve?
It passes posterior to the root of the left lung.
The esophagus:
in the superior mediastinum is in contact with the thoracic duct on its left.
Which of the following group of three structures may cause apparent "constrictions" of the esophagus on an oblique chest radiograph after the patient has swallowed barium?
arch of the aorta, left main bronchus, diaphragm
During surgery to remove a metastasis from the posterior aspect of the left lung, the surgical field began to fill with a clear to milky fluid. Which of the following had most likely occurred?
The surgeon had lacerated the thoracic duct.
Which of the following is not correct pertaining to the azygos venous system?
The hemiazygos vein arches superior to the root of the left lung.
Which of the following is not typically visible in a PA chest radiograph?
the interventricular septum
Which of the following associations is incorrect?
Doppler echocardiogram—shows efficiency of oxygen exchange
The "bare area" within the thorax refers to:
a deviation in the left sternal reflection of the pleural that facilitates needle puncture of the pericardial cavity without penetration of the left lung or pleural cavity.
Which of the following is incorrect pertaining to the thoracic sympathetic trunk?
It only supplies postganglionic sympathetic fibers to thoracic viscera.
A former construction worker who remodeled old buildings that contained asbestos insulation is found to have a malignancy growing from the visceral pleura of the lingula. In which of the following lung lobes is the tumor located?
left upper
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