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SAC- Final

Terms in this set (55)

Which one of the following best describes a Correlational study?
Investigators look for naturally occurring associations
Dr. Martin finds that students in private schools perform better on standardized achievement tests than do students in public schools, Which conclusion can Dr. Martin accurately draw?
Student's achievement test scores can be predicted to some extent by the kind of school they attend
Which one of the following best illustrates Physical Development as a developmental domain?
Tammy can hold and use a pencil more easily than she could last year
Many psychologists are interested in the influence of "nature verses future" in child development. Which one of the following best illustrates the influence of Nature?
Twelve-year-old Dinah is starting to grow public hair, and she's just had her first menstrual period
Leanna believes that children have a natural curiosity that makes them eager to learn. Juan believes that children's motivation to learn is fostered by good nutrition and positive relationships with other people. This difference in viewpoints best reflects the issue of:
Nature vs. Nurture
Which one of the following statements best illustrates a Universal in development as developmentalists define the term?
Young children show similar patterns in the process of learning to walk
Which one of the following best illustrates a Qualitative Change in development?
As a 9-year old, Paula's arms, legs, body and head are noticeably differently proportioned compared to when she was 9-months old
As Charlotte reads her science textbook, she encounters the word ecology for the first time and uses the context of the passage to figure out what the word means. Given what we know about how the brain functions, we could reasonably assume that:
She is thinking primarily in her left hemisphere
Christine is an obese 12-year old. What prediction might we make about her weight as an adult?
Chances are better than 50-50 that she'll be obese as an adult
If high school students don't always act in adult-like ways, it may be partly because:
Their brains haven't fully matured to adult levels
Three of the following statements accurately describe the typical Physical Development of children in the elementary grades. Which one is NOT accurate?
Children become more clumsy in their gross motor skills
How is using the internet and reading "linked text" affecting brain development?
It makes it more difficult for people to think deeply or creatively
Which of the following is an accurate description of how physical fitness influences brain development?
Being physically fit results in a larger hippocampus, which is important for learning and memory tasks
Which of the following statements is most likely a quote from Dr. Elkins's book?
When children are pressured to grow up fast, important achievements are skipped or bypassed, which can give rise to serious problems later
Which of the following statements about sleep is TRUE?
1. Sleep deprivation results in students being more restless, irritable, and impulsive
2. Sleep deprivation results in lower academic achievement
How does nature influence development?
Nature: genetics- parent's genes affect a child's expected height and the development of facial features
How does nurture influence development?
Nurture: environment- demonstrated by a child gaining weight because his parents let him watch TV all day and eat junk food
Provide an example of Qualitative physical growth:
Children learn to run because they propel their bodies forward in a way that is distinctly different from walking
Provide an example of Universality in physical development:
Both boys and girls start to grow into proper proportions (A baby's head is usually bigger than the body, but as the child grows its body will become proportional)
Provide and example of Diversity in physical development:
Some girls have a tendency to develop fine motors skills such as nest handwriting while some boys develop more gross motor skills
"Accommodating the Physical Needs of Children and Adolescents:" explain one specific strategy to integrate physical activity into academic lessons
One strategy to integrate physical activity into lessons is to incorporate educational games, such as GoNoodle for elementary kids which plays an educational song with motions to get students moving
According to David Elkind, what is one specific way that hurrying development harms children?
Hurrying development in children can be harmful to their health. For example, the pressure of performing well can lead to stress causing headaches and tiredness
"Those Persistent Gaps:" briefly describe 2-factors that contribute to lack of school success for children living in poverty
1. Parent Participation: lack of parent participation can hinder s a child's success in school
2. Teacher Turnover: it is important for teachers to be relational with their students, and constant turnover will negatively affect student performance
"Brains and Schools: A Mismatch:" define and explain the learning process
The definition of the learning process is that only learners have the capability to learn. It is not the teacher's responsibility because they cannot force learning
"Brains and Schools: A Mismatch:" explain emotions as the rudder for thought
Emotion is the rudder for thought meaning that we think about things connected to goals that matter deeply to us. (Ex. passionate science teacher thinks a great deal about science)
Constructivism
Students actively build their own understandings
Disequilibrium
What you're experiencing does NOT fit with what you think you know
Equilibration
Going from knowing to not knowing and back to knowing again
Long-term Memory
Similiar to a computer hard drive
Metacognition
Awareness of your own thinking process
Multiple Intelligences
You have all of them in varying degrees
Scaffolding
When an expert assists an apprentice to think accurately
Zone of Proximal Development
Range of tasks that one can accomplish with assistance
Which one of the following statements best describes the idea that cognitive development involves a process of construction?
Children pull together pieces of information about a topic to create their own understandings
From Piaget's perspective, children are
Eager to interact with and make sense of their world
Which of the following statements best describes Piaget's view of how children acquire knowledge about the world?
Children actively construct their own view of the world from their experiences with the environment
From Vygotskian perspective, scaffolding serves what purpose in instruction?
It supports children as they perform difficult tasks
Which of the following children is definitely working in his or her zone of proximal development?
Lucy is beginning to learn digital photo editing. She has trouble correcting red-eyes on portraits unless her teacher stands beside her, helping her and reminding her of what to do
Which one of the following statements most accurately describes Lev Vygotsky's view of how cognitive development occurs?
Children develop by working on challenging tasks with the assistance of more competent individuals
In Vygotsky's view, opportunities to engage in pretend play have which one of the following effects?
They allow children to practice adult behaviors
Which one of the following examples most clearly illustrates a cognitive apprenticeship?
A middle school English teacher has her students read a short news article. After they read, she asks them a series of questions about facts and opinions expressed by the author. Then she has them practice this analysis strategy in pairs-with one person asking the other questions
Which one of the following issues reflects a fundamental difference between Piaget's and Vygotsky's theories of cognitive development?
How much children depend on adult guidance to make cognitive gains
To prepare for his test of Monday morning, Bilbo studied Sunday night. He remembered the information long enough to do well on the test, but he could not remember it for a surprise quiz a week later. Based on this information, how far into Bilbo's information processing system did the information get?
It reached long-term memory.
Information processing theorists often emphasize the importance of attention in the learning process. Why is attention so important?
It helps move information from the sensory register into working memory
The textbook recommends a number of strategies for capturing and maintaining children's attention on important tasks and activities. Which one of the following is NOT consistent with the textbook's recommendations for increasing attention?
Regularly introduce distractions into the environment so that children grow accustomed to them
Which one of the following is a correct interpretation of a middle school student's IQ score of 118?
The student has performed better on an IQ test than the majority of students the same age
Elanor is ten years old. She gets a score of 98 on an IQ test. What does this tell us about her intellectual ability?
Elanor's score is fairly average for her age group
Which of the following statements most accurately describes the relationship between IQ scores and classroom performance?
On average, students with higher IQ scores do better in school than students with lower IQ scores
Twin studies show that monozygotic twins who are raised in separate homes have very similar IQ scores. Such evidence:
suggests that intelligence is partly influenced by heredity
"All Our Students Thinking:" explain one specific strategy teachers can use to improve the development of our students' thinking abilities
Applying the learning to real world situations. For example, an easy way to learn about counting in math is through money. As a child begins to understand numbers, he/she can also learn amounts of money and how much "spending" money they have
How is challenge involved in equilibration?
The creation of disequilibrium in order to spark exploration to find a new equilibrium
How is challenge involved in zone of proximal development (ZPD)?
The creation of a challenging, but not impossible, task and assisting the students as they solve it.
"Why Don't Students Like School?:" explain what the brain is/is not made for
Willingham explains that the brain is not made for creating new knowledge. Instead, he says the brain is made for relating new situations to prior knowledge to complete the tasks at hand
"Why Don't Students Like School?:" what should teachers do?
Teachers should create difficult yet solvable problems for students and challenge them to solve it
Explain how Gardner's Multiple Intelligences are different from Learning Styles.
Gardner's multiple intelligences differ from learning styles because he believes everyone has some degree of every intelligence whereas styles are learning preferences
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